Key Indicators & Decisions (KI&Ds) – The Netherlands – 2020

Last updated 11 October 2022, 16:24

Key Implementation Decisions (KIDs) – GENERAL BACKGROUND

no	Key Implementation Decisions – General Background	Description / value / response	Comments
01.01	Definition of public buildings (according to article 9 b)	In the application of the guidelines relating to nearly zero-energy new buildings, a public building is defined as a building owned by the state, province, municipality, or water management board and that is used by the state, province, municipality, water management board, or independent administrative authority or advisory council established by law.	The amendment to the Building Decree 2012, Government Gazette 2015, 425 states that new buildings owned by the government and which house government agencies shall be nearly zero-energy after 31 December 2018. A building is a public building in the sense of nearly zero-energy new buildings if it meets the following two requirements: Ownership: The building is owned by the government, e.g., owned by the state, a province, a municipality or a water management board Purpose: The building is used by a public authority or government agency. This is self-evident in the case of the state, a municipality or water management board. This shall extend to public administrative authorities; these organisations typically have been established by law and the bulk of their budget typically is dependent on tax revenue.
01.02	Definition of public buildings used by the public (according to article 13)	Definition: a) A building of which a floor area of more than 250 m² is used by a public authority or government agency and that is frequently visited by the general public, or b) A building that has a floor area of more than 250 m² and that is frequently visited by the general public.	Regulations: Article 4 of the Regulation on Energy Performance of Buildings (visible energy labelling) and Article 2.4 of the Energy Performance of Buildings Decree (definition of public buildings to which the requirement applies.)
01.03	Number of residential buildings	7,891,561 (as of January 2020)	Statistics Netherlands (www.cbs.nl)
01.04	Number of non-residential buildings	1,147,500 (as of January 2020)	Statistics Netherlands (www.cbs.nl)
01.05	If possible, share of public buildings included in the number given in 01.04	Approximately 35,000 non-residential municipal buildings (including schools).	(sources: RVO, Kadaster)
01.06	If possible, share of commercial buildings included in the number given in 01.04	Non-residential building, function meetings: 62,111 Non-residential building, function cell (detention): 58 Non-residential building, function health care: 22,816 Non-residential building, function industry: 198,951 Non-residential building, function office: 96,258 Non-residential building, function accommodation: 125,117 Non-residential building, function education: 13,870 Non-residential building, function sports: 9,708 Non-residential building, function commercial: 129,198 Non-residential building with other function: 439,881 Non-residential building with multiple functions: 49,532	(Total) Statistics Netherlands (www.cbs.nl)
01.07	Number of buildings constructed per year (estimate)	70,700 residential buildings in 2019; approximately 61,000 residential buildings per year over the last five years. 10,400 non-residential buildings in 2019; approximately 8,000 non-residential buildings per year over the last five years.	Statistics Netherlands (www.cbs.nl)
01.08	If possible, share of residential buildings constructed per year (estimate, included in the number given in 01.07)	87% In 2015, there were 55,600 applications for permits for new residential buildings; approximately 48,400 were completed. In 2016, there were 53,600 applications for permits and 54,800 residential buildings completed. In 2017: 69,700 applications, 63,000 completed. In 2018: 70,000 applications, 66,600 completed. In 2019, there were 57,400 applications for permits and 70,700 residential buildings completed.	Statistics Netherlands (www.cbs.nl)
01.09	If possible, share of non-residential buildings constructed per year (estimate, included in the number given in 01.07)	13% In 2015, there were 2,700 applications for permits for new non-residential buildings, approximately 6,300 were completed. A permit may apply to multiple buildings. In 2016, there were 2,700 applications for permits and 6,900 non-residential buildings completed. In 2017: 3,200 applications, 7,400 completed. In 2018: 3,400 applications, 9,500 completed. In 2019, there were 3,100 applications for permits and 10,400 non-residential buildings completed.	Statistics Netherlands (www.cbs.nl)
01.10	Useful floor area of buildings constructed per year in million square meters (estimate)	Residential buildings: 8.2 million m² Non-residential buildings: not available

Key Implementation Decisions (KIDs) – NEW BUILDINGS

no	Key Implementation Decision – New Buildings	Description / value / response	Comments
02.01	Are building codes set as overall value, primary energy, environment (CO₂), reference building or other	Other: energy performance coefficient	Included in the Building Decree as of 1 January 2015
02.02	Requirements for energy performance of residential buildings in current building code500px600		Included in the Buildings Decree as of 1 January 2015 As of 1 January 2021, the following three requirements will be applicable: maximum energy need (kWh/m².year) maximum primary energy use (kWh/m².year) minimum share of renewable energy [%] Values for primary energy & share of renewables can be found in Table 4.
02.03	Requirements for energy performance of non-residential commercial buildings in current building code		Certain components of the Buildings Decree 2012 (Bb) were amended on 24 November 2015. The following amendments were made to the Building Decree. The following definition was added to Article 1.1: “Nearly zero energy building: building with a very high energy performance, where the very low or near zero energy consumption required is delivered from renewable sources to a very significant extent and which is produced on site or close by” The following new paragraphs were added to Article 5.2: “Article 5.2, paragraph five stipulates that new buildings owned by the government and which house government agencies shall be nearly zero energy. This paragraph shall enter into force on 1 January 2019.” “Article 5.2, paragraph six stipulates that new buildings different from the buildings referred to in paragraph five shall be nearly zero energy. This paragraph shall enter into force on 31 December 2020.” Values for primary energy & share of renewables can be found in Table 4.
02.04	Requirements for energy performance of non-residential public buildings in current building code	Requirements in the intermediate period 1 January 2019 until 1 January 2021: For public buildings of the following 3 types: Office buildings > 100 m², Prison buildings, Meeting buildings, Levels see under ‘comments’ Requirements as of 1 January 2021: See Table 4
02.05	Is the performance level of nearly zero energy (NZEB) for new buildings defined in national legislation?	Yes (as of 1 January 2021)	Amendment to the Building Decree 2012, which was published on 24 December 2019 and will become effective as of 1 January 2021. See 2.I.iii
02.06	Nearly zero energy (NZEB) level for residential buildings (level for building code)	See Table 4
02.07	Year / date for nearly zero energy (NZEB) as level for residential buildings (as indicated in 02.04)	1 January 2021
02.08	Nearly zero energy (NZEB) level for all non-residential buildings (level for building code)	See Table 4
02.09	Year / date for nearly zero energy (NZEB) as level for non-residential buildings (as indicated in 02.06)	1 January 2021 for commercial buildings (2019 for public buildings)
02.10	Are nearly zero energy buildings (NZEB) defined using a carbon or environment indicator?	There is and will be no carbon or environment indicator.
02.11	Is renewable energy a part of the overall or an additional requirement?	As of 1 January 2021, renewable energy is an additional requirement. Renewables are also included in the requirement for primary fossil energy use.
02.12	If renewable energy is an additional requirement to NZEB, please indicate level	Levels depend on the type of building, see Table 4.
02.13	Specific comfort criteria for new buildings, provide specific parameters for instance for airtightness, minimum ventilation rates	As of 1 January 2021, there will be an overheating indicator (TO_juli) for newly built residential buildings. There will be no overheating indicator for newly built non-residential buildings as it is assumed that most of these buildings will have a climate control system.

Key Implementation Decisions (KIDs) – EXISTING BUILDINGS

no	Key Implementation Decision – Existing Buildings	Description / value / response	Comment
03.01	Is the level of nearly zero energy (NZEB) for existing buildings set in national legislation?	No
03.02	Is the level of nearly zero energy (NZEB) for existing buildings similar to the level for new buildings?	No requirement
03.03	Definition of nearly zero energy (NZEB) for existing residential buildings (if different from new buildings)
03.04	Definition of nearly zero energy (NZEB) for existing non-residential buildings (if different from new buildings)	Study ongoing, see 3.2 and 3.3
03.05	Overall minimum requirements in case of major-renovation	Yes	Four categories/situations can be differentiated in regard to renovation: Renovation: this shall refer to the partial renovation, renewal, or alteration, or expansion of a building. Article 5.6 Building Code, paragraph 1: The legally obtained level shall apply to thermal insulation with Rc = 1.3 m²K/W as the lower bound. The legally obtained level also applies to the airflow rate. Renovation by renewing or replacing insulation layers. Article 5.6 Building code, paragraph 2: Thermal insulation Rc at least 2.5 m²K/W for floor / 1.3 m²K/W for façade / 2,0 m²K/W for roof. Umax. = 2.2 W/m²K on average regarding windows, doors, etc., or the legally obtained level if this provides better energy performance. Major renovation and/or the total construction or entire renovation of a dormer or of a corresponding construction as referred to in Annex II of the Environmental Law Decree. Article 5.6, paragraph 3 Thermal insulation (see table 5.1 of the Building Code: Rc at least 3.5 m²K/W for floor / 4.5 m²K/W for façade) Renovation with modifications to the technical building system: a (partial) renovation, modification or expansion of the technical building system (read: the technical equipment). Article 6.55 Building code, table 6.55, system efficiencies (as of 10 March 2020)
03.06	Minimum requirements for individual building parts in case of renovation	Yes	See 03.05
03.07	National targets for renovation in connection to Long Term Renovation Strategy (number or percentage of buildings)		The built environment accounts for more than 30% of total energy consumption in the Netherlands. In order to achieve the long-term goals for energy and climate, it is therefore essential to make the national building stock more sustainable in the run-up to 2050. In line with the broader energy and climate policy of the Netherlands, the government will focus primarily on CO₂ reduction in making the built environment more sustainable. This means that CO₂ emission ceilings have been chosen and that progress will be measured in Mton CO₂. For the built environment, this is 3.4 Mton of additional CO₂ reduction in 2030 compared to existing and planned policy. According to this indicative allocation, the maximum CO₂ emissions for the built environment in 2030 will be 15.3 Mton. The Netherlands has no indicative allocation of CO₂ targets to sectors by 2050. That is why the indicative milestone was used for the built environment for 2050 as a direct translation of the general 95% CO₂ reduction target. A CO₂ reduction of 95% in the built environment in 2050 compared to 1990 is equivalent to a maximum emission of 1.5 Mton CO₂ equivalents. This is the indicative milestone that the Netherlands will use for 2050. To determine the indicative milestone for the built environment for 2040, a linear decrease in greenhouse gas emissions is assumed between the indicative milestones for 2030 and 2050. The indicative milestone then amounts to a maximum emission of 8.4 Mton CO₂ equivalents. The Netherlands emphasises that these are indicative objectives. In a next version of the National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP), these objectives can be adjusted downwards or upwards if developments (for example around the cost-effectiveness of the energy transition or innovation) give cause to do so.
03.08	National targets for renovation in connection to Long Term Renovation Strategy (expected reductions and relevant years)		See 03.07

Key Implementation Decision (KIDs) – ENERGY PERFORMANCE CERTIFICATES

no	Key Implementation Decision – Energy Performance Certificates	Description / value / response	Comment
04.01	Number of energy performance certificates per year (for instance average or values for of 3-5 years)	560,000 on average per year.	Total number of residential buildings with a valid, registered ‘VEL’-label (Simplified energy label) since 1 January 2015: 1,193,232 (as of 31-12-2019). Total number of residential buildings with a valid, registered ‘Energy Index’-label since 1 January 2015: 1,611,186 (as of 31-12-2019). Note: double registrations for the same residential building are not taken into account in these numbers.
04.02	Number of EPCs since start of scheme	2,804,418	Total number of registered energy labels for residential buildings since 1 January 2015, as of the end of 2019: 2,804,418.
04.03	Number of EPCs for different building types	Meetings: 13,214 Cell (detention): 2 Health care: 7,510 Industry: 0 Office: 43,220 Accommodation: 4,178 Education: 2,396 Sports: 2,807 Commercial: 36,156 Other function: 0.	Total number of registered energy labels for non-residential buildings since 1 January 2015, as of the end of 2019: 109,483. Note 1: double registrations for the same building are not taken into account in this number. Note 2: for multiple functions, the label is counted in the primary function.
04.04	Number of assessors	669 Recognised Experts for the VEL-system active as of 31 December 2019.	In order to qualify as a Recognised Expert, applicants must take an exam (if they are not already a certified ‘EPA advisor’ or ‘EPA assessor’, EPA = Energie Prestatie Advies = Energy Performance Advice) and attend an instruction course at the Netherlands Enterprise Agency (RVO). If an applicant does not have an EPA diploma, he or she may take the ‘Recognised expert for energy labels in residential construction’ exam at SVM-NIVO. This is a simpler exam than the EPA advisor (or EPA assessor) exam. There are no differences regarding the simplified energy label. Only certified EPA advisors are permitted to conduct ‘Energy Index’ recordings and registrations. Should the specific EPA advisor also have attended the foregoing instruction course and have access to the VEL-application, then he or she may also assess and register simplified energy labels.
04.05	Basic education requirements for assessors	There are no basic education requirements for candidates to take part in the SVM-NIVO exam ‘Recognised expert for energy labels in residential construction’. Any preparation is based on independent study. In addition, it has been shown that a large majority of people active as recognised experts have an EPA advisor/EPA assessor background. As such, they are in possession of an EPA diploma, for which they have been educated. The basic requirements to be admitted to the EPA advisor course are: ‘good professional and intellectual abilities and education or experience in the field of construction or building systems’.
04.06	Additional training demands for assessors	Experts must attend an instruction course at RVO before they are recognised as Recognised Experts.
04.07	Quality assurance system	The ‘National Governmental Inspection Authority’ (‘ILT’) is charged with verifying the quality of the recognised experts (based on samples of registered labels). Penalties: The ILT may impose a fine; RVO may block the account on the VEL-application if a Recognised Expert is shown not to comply with the rules warranting his or her activity on the VEL application, e.g., if the Recognised Expert is in contravention of the Unfair Trade Practices Act (as part of the Civil Code).
04.08	National database for EPCs	EPCs are registered.	In the Netherlands, EPC labelling is registered and publicly retrievable per address on www.ep-online.nl. The EPCs themselves, including the underlying information and the recommendations of energy-saving measures, in principle, are only available to building owners.
04.09	Link to national information on EPCs / Database	www.ep-online.nl	especially for home owners: https://www.energielabel.nl/woningen/zoek-je-energielabel/

Key Implementation Decision (KIDs) – SMART BUILDINGS AND BUILDING SYSTEMS

no	Key Implementation Decision – Smart Buildings and Building Systems	Description / value / response	Comment
05.01	Is there a national definition of smart buildings?	No
05.02	Are there current support systems for smart buildings?	No
05.03	Are there currently specific requirements for technical building systems (for instance in building codes)?	Yes	The energy performance requirements that apply to technical building systems are expressed in the calculated primary fossil fuel energy in relation to the net requirement. This not only values the efficiency of a technical building system, but also the use of renewable energy. A digital calculation tool has been developed for this. Required indicators for system efficiency
05.04	Are there current requirements for automatics (for instance in building codes)?	No
05.05	Chosen option A or B for heating systems (inspection or other measures)	Option A + B	Inspections and other measures (energy saving advice), thus A + B.
05.06	Number of heating inspections; reports per year (if option A)		Estimated maximum 54,500 inspections
05.07	Chosen option A or B for cooling systems (inspection or other measures)	Option A	Estimated maximum 7,200 inspections
05.08	Number of air-conditioning / cooling system inspections; reports per year (if option A)	Not available	See 05.07
05.09	Is there a national database for heating inspections?	Yes	Inspections carried out are registered by the inspection companies in the “SCIOS” registration system. The supervising authority (i.e., municipalities or regional environmental services) has access to the inspection register for the area under its jurisdiction. Thus, the supervising authority can check whether the companies, that are subject to the requirement of having a certified inspection of their heating system, do meet this requirement. https://ok-cv.nl/ For non-gas-fired heating systems and gas-fired heating systems above 100 kW there is a mandatory inspection according to the Environmental law. Here the SCIOS is the executor / administrator who maintains a database.
05.10	Is there a national database for cooling / air-conditioning inspections?	No	The industry associations collect the data of the inspections they have carried out themselves. http://www.rvo.nl/onderwerpen/duurzaam-ondernemen/gebouwen/wetten-en-regels-gebouwen/installatiekeuringen A new version of the inspection register is being developed by SCIOS.
05.11	Are inspection databases combined with EPC databases for registration of EPCs and inspection reports?	No	The databases that are maintained by the market parties are not linked to the EPC database.
05.12	Link to national information on Inspection / Database		https://www.scios.nl/Certificeren https://www.rvo.nl/onderwerpen/duurzaam-ondernemen/gebouwen/wetten-en-regels/bestaande-bouw/installatiekeuringen/installateur-kiezen