CA EPBD Dynamic Database of Publications
Advanced search

Key Indicators & Decisions (KI&Ds) – GENERAL BACKGROUND

Last updated: 30 November 2022, 08:19

01.01

Definition of public buildings (according to article 9 b)

Comments

Austria

The requirement of article 9 b contains an implicit definition

Article 9 b was implemented in clause 4.2 of OIB Guideline 6, edition April 2019

Belgium – Brussels Capital Region 

Public buildings are those occupied by legal entities defined in COBRACE (see Comments). 

Ordinance (COBRACE) of 2013/05/02, art. 2.4.2 §3

With a definition for public authority in art. 1.3.1_4° of the ordinance

Belgium – Flemish Region Office buildings of public authorities Which types of organisations are considered to be ‘public authorities’ is defined in the Energiebesluit. From 2018 onwards, the requirements for almost all non-residential buildings are set at the NZEB-level; however office buildings follow a slightly slower path. In the Energiebesluit it is stated that office buildings of the mentioned authorities have to comply as of 2019 with the same requirements as other new offices have to comply with in 2021. The Flemish scope is thus broader than the EPBD.
Belgium – Walloon Region

Buildings occupied by:

1 ° European and international institutions, federal, regional, community, provincial and municipal authorities;

2 ° any organisation meeting the following conditions:

a) created or approved by the authorities referred to in 1 °;

b) responsible for a public service;

c) not part of the legislative or judicial power;

d) controlled or determined in its operation by the authorities referred to in 1 °


Bulgaria There is no adequate definition of public buildings in Bulgarian legislation corresponding to the wording “buildings occupied and owned by public authorities” referred to in paragraph 1 (b) of Art. 9 of the EPBD. The intermediate annual targets for improving the energy performance of new administrative buildings satisfying the definition of the nearly zero-energy buildings (NZEB) are given in the National Plan for NZEBs 2015-2020, adopted by the Council of Ministers in December 2015. These administrative buildings (offices) include buildings occupied and owned by public authorities (state, regional or local authorities).
Croatia

Public sector buildings are buildings that are owned and used by public authorities.

Public sector includes budgetary and extra-budgetary users of the state budget and budget users of local and regional (regional) governments authorities

Energy Efficiency Act (OG 127/2014), Article 4
Cyprus Buildings that are used by the central government, local authorities and other independent government authorities This is not a legal definition but rather how the competent authority (MECI) is implementing the EPBD.
Czech Republic No No definition provided in the legislation
Denmark

'Public building' means a roofed construction with walls, owned or used by the state, and for which energy is used to condition the indoor climate.


Estonia Construction permit applied and building constructed for a local authority or government agency or any other public-law agency; used or possessed building must meet NZEB requirements as of 1 February 2019.
Finland

No definition.

In relation to article 9, public buildings do not differ from other buildings. All requirements set for new buildings apply.

France No
Germany Non-residential buildings which are owned and used by public authorities Described in §2a (1) of the Energy Saving Act
Greece

Law 4122/2013 sets the obligation for new buildings occupied and owned by public authorities to be nearly zero-energy buildings from 1/1/2019.

There is no further definition of what is considered a public building. For a new building to be characterised as nearly zero-energy building it should at least fall under energy class A, while for an existing building to be characterised as nearly zero-energy it should at least fall under energy class B+.


Hungary Buildings having an official function, owned by the state and non-profit.
Ireland Any building in excess of 500 m2 which is frequently visited by the public is required to display either a BER certificate or a Display Energy Certificate (DEC) in a prominent place clearly visible to members of the public. This requirement is extended to all buildings in excess of 250 m2 which are frequently visited by the public when occupied by public bodies. “Public body” means a Department of State, the Office of the President, the Office of the Attorney General, the Office of the Comptroller and Auditor General, the Office of the Houses of the Oireachtas, a local authority, the Health Service Executive, or a person, body or organisation (other than the Defence Forces) established (i) by or under any enactment (other than the Companies Acts), or (ii) under the Companies Acts, in pursuance of powers conferred by or under another enactment, and financed wholly or partly, whether directly or indirectly, by means of moneys provided, or loans made or guaranteed, by a Minister of the Government or shares held by or on behalf of a Minister of the Government.
Italy Buildings owned by the state, the regions, by local authorities or other public bodies used for the owner’s activities or other activities, including dwelling (Decree 192/2005 EPBD implementation)
Republic of Latvia Buildings that are occupied and owned by public authorities, i.e.: owned by the State and in the possession of the authorities and where the State authorities are located Transposed in Cabinet Regulation No. 383 of 9 July 2013 ‘Regulations regarding Energy certification of Buildings’ (Regulation No. 383) Annex 5 for Minimum Permissible Level of Energy Performance of Buildings for New Buildings
Luxembourg Since 1 January 2017, all new residential buildings are NZEB. By mid-2021, all new non-residential buildings will be NZEB.
Malta Buildings that are both owned by the government of Malta and occupied by authorities forming part of central or local government.
The Netherlands In the application of the guidelines relating to nearly zero-energy new buildings, a public building is defined as a building owned by the state, province, municipality, or water management board and that is used by the state, province, municipality, water management board, or independent administrative authority or advisory council established by law.

The amendment to the Building Decree 2012, Government Gazette 2015, 425 states that new buildings owned by the government and which house government agencies shall be nearly zero-energy after 31 December 2018. A building is a public building in the sense of nearly zero-energy new buildings if it meets the following two requirements:

  1. Ownership:
    The building is owned by the government, e.g., owned by the state, a province, a municipality or a water management board
  2. Purpose:
    The building is used by a public authority or government agency.

This is self-evident in the case of the state, a municipality or water management board. This shall extend to public administrative authorities; these organisations typically have been established by law and the bulk of their budget typically is dependent on tax revenue.

Norway

N/A

Not yet decided

Poland There is no adequate definition of public buildings according to EPBD Article 9b in Poland.
Portugal Non-residential buildings with floor area above 1,000 m2, or 500 m2 for shopping center, supermarkets and covered pools.
Slovak Republic Public building is a building owned or administered by a public entity. The definition is set in Act 321/2014 on Energy Efficiency, section 2, k.
Slovenia

SI: ‘owned by Slovenia or managed by local municipalities or used by public sector’

EPBD: ‘…new buildings occupied and owned by public authorities are nearly zero-energy buildings…’

National legislation - Energy Act EZ-1 (Art. 542):

‘Za nove stavbe, ki so v lasti Republike Slovenije ali samoupravnih lokalnih skupnosti in jih uporabljajo osebe javnega sektorja…’

Sweden NZEB-regulation applies to all buildings independent of use or ownership. A definition of public buildings is therefore not necessary. Fastighetstaxeringslag (1979:1152)
http://www.notisum.se/rnp/sls/lag/19791152.htm
Sec 2:2. Definitions of different types of buildings
Ownership not defined in this paragraph
UK – England Not available
UK – Wales Not available
UK – Northern Ireland

Not available


UK – Scotland

Not available

Transposition of Article 9 in respect of new buildings is achieved by setting minimum energy performance requirements in building regulations. Requirements for new non-domestic buildings do not differentiate between new buildings occupied and owned by public authorities and other new buildings.

01.02

Definition of public buildings used by the public (according to article 13)

Comments

Austria

The requirement of article 13 contains an implicit definition

-

Belgium – Brussels Capital Region The building units used by one or more public authorities in the same building

Ordinance (COBRACE) of 2103/05/02, art. 2.2.14 §2

With a definition for public authority in art. 1.3.1_4° of the ordinance

Belgium – Flemish Region Buildings frequently visited by the public because they are occupied by a public authority There is no explicit definition adopted for the public display of a certificate for public buildings used by the public. The obligation of public display is set in the text of the Energiebesluit itself, not in the definitions.
Belgium – Walloon Region Public buildings (see 01.01) are frequently visited by the public when their access to the public is free, without any condition other than a possible registration or a possible payment of an entrance fee.
Bulgaria

There is no definition of public buildings used by the public in Bulgarian legislation corresponding to the wording referred to in paragraph 1 of Art. 13 of EPBD.

There is no need for such a definition because the Energy Efficiency Act stipulates that the owners of buildings with a total floor area over 250 m2, for which an energy performance certificate has been issued, shall be bound to clearly display the certificate in the building.


Croatia Public building means a building, or a part thereof used by public authorities for performing their activities, a building or a part thereof used for housing of specific population groups, and a non-residential building or part thereof in which a number of people are present, or a larger number of people are provided a service.

Building Act (OG 153/2013, 20/2017, 39/19, 125/19), Article 3

Housing of specific population groups includes housing for elderly persons, children, etc.

Cyprus Buildings that are used by the central government, local authorities and other independent government authorities This is not a legal definition but rather how the competent authority (MECI) is implementing the EPBD.
Czech Republic No No definition provided in the legislation. It is understood as a building intended for public use.

Denmark

A roofed construction with walls, owned or used by the state and accessible for the public, and for which energy is used to condition the indoor climate.


Estonia The energy performance certificate must be displayed in a prominent place clearly visible to the public in the following cases:
1. When the net floor area of a building that is frequently visited by the public exceeds 500 m2;
2. When the net floor area of a building that belongs to a local authority or government agency or any other public-law agency exceeds 250 m2 and is often visited by the public.

Finland

A public building, in relation to article 13, is a building where an authority provides public services in premises frequently visited by the public.

The definition of an authority; a legal organ with task and powers based on legal norms. These consist of both state and municipal authorities, state, and municipal institutions as well as the Evangelical Lutheran Church and the Orthodox Church.  Legislated state enterprises as well as municipal enterprises are considered public institutions.

France R. 123-2 of Construction and Housing Code: ‘every building or room where people are allowed for free or in exchange of a payment, or where public or on invitation meetings take place.’
Germany The owner of a building used by public authorities and with more than 250 m2 frequently used by the public has to display an EPC. Described in Article 16 (3) of the Energy Saving Ordinance

Greece

There is no specific definition for public buildings under the scope of article 13.

According to the provisions of Law 4122/2013, the requirement for all buildings used by the public sector and visited by the public to issue and publicly display an EPC, from 9/7/2015 also accounts for buildings with a total area of 250 m2 or more.

Since no official registry for public buildings exists in Greece, the necessary information of public buildings is difficult to be accessed.

The only available registry is the one referring to public buildings (with more than 250 m2 floor area) owned by the Central Government. The YPEN has initiated the communication with all central government organisations in order to acquire all necessary information.

No controls are foreseen regarding the issuing and public display of EPCs.

This list of 21 public buildings referred here is under the scope of Article 5 of EED, which concerns buildings owned and occupied by the central government.
Hungary Buildings where more than 50% of the total floor area is used by the state or governmental authorities for administrative purposes

Governmental decree 176/2008


Ireland A public building is considered used by the public in case it is occupied by a public body and has a total floor area exceeding 250 m2 and is frequently visited by the public or when it has a total useful floor area exceeding 500 m2 and is frequently visited by the public.
Italy No related definition set

No definition corresponding to Art.13 EPBD, since the definition in Presidential Decree 412/93 and Decree 192/2005 EPBD implementation is:

'Building where the institution activity of public bodies is carried out'

Republic of Latvia

Buildings frequently visited by the public – public buildings

Public Structure – any building, where more than 50% of its total area concerns public spaces or spaces for ensuring public functions, or an engineering structure intended for public use (such as stadiums or bandstands)

Transposed in the Law on the Energy Performance of Buildings (LEPB) Article 13 first part point 3

The public building definition is determined in the Latvian Building Code LBN 208-15 ’Public structures’

Luxembourg Since mid-2014, article 13 is transposed for all buildings.
Malta A definition backed by legislation is not in place. Public buildings used by the public are defined by the public authorities (responsible for the implementation of the EPBD) as those buildings which are occupied by authorities forming part of the central or regional governments, which are intended to receive members of the public (not government workers) and which are visited by such persons on a daily basis.
The Netherlands

Definition:

a)    A building of which a floor area of more than 250 m2 is used by a public authority or government agency and that is frequently visited by the general public, or

b)    A building that has a floor area of more than 250 m2 and that is frequently visited by the general public.

Regulations: Article 4 of the Regulation on Energy Performance of Buildings (visible energy labelling) and Article 2.4 of the Energy Performance of Buildings Decree (definition of public buildings to which the requirement applies.)
Norway N/A

Not applicable. The display of EPCs is mandatory for all non-residential buildings. Reference to Directive 2002/91/EC.

Poland The owner or manager of the building, whose usable area that is occupied by the judiciary, the prosecutor's office and/or public administration bodies exceeds 250 m2, and in which customer service is carried out, ensures that an EPC for this building is drawn up. The Act on the Energy Performance of Buildings (published on 8 September 2014
Portugal Non-residential buildings owned by a public entity, with floor area above 250 m2 occupied by public entity, and frequently visited by the public.
Slovak Republic Buildings often visited by the public Under the Act 555/2005 as amended by Act 300/2012 
Slovenia SI: “are owned or used by public sector”

National legislation – Act on Energy Efficiency, ZURE (Art. 34):

‘… so v lasti ali uporabi javnega sektorja’

Sweden
Lag (2006:985) om energideklaration för byggnader.
http://www.notisum.se/rnp/sls/lag/20060985.htm
Article 13 § 5 applies to premises often visited by the public with a heated surface of over 250 m2
UK – England

Display Energy Certificates (based on measured energy consumption) are issued and displayed in buildings >250m² that are occupied by a public authority and frequently visited by the public.

Energy Performance Certificates (based on predicted energy consumption) are displayed in commercial premises >500m² that are frequently visited by the public, and where an EPC has previously been issued.


UK – Wales

Display Energy Certificates (based on measured energy consumption) are issued and displayed in buildings >250 m² that are occupied by a public authority and frequently visited by the public.

Energy Performance Certificates (based on predicted energy consumption) are displayed in commercial premises >500 m² that are frequently visited by the public, and where an EPC has previously been issued.


UK – Northern Ireland

Display Energy Certificates (based on measured energy consumption) are issued and displayed in buildings >250 m² that are occupied by a public authority and frequently visited by the public.

Energy Performance Certificates (based on predicted energy consumption) are displayed in commercial premises >500 m² that are frequently visited by the public, and where an EPC has previously been issued.

UK – Scotland

The calculated energy EPC required on construction, sale or rental is also displayed in “public buildings”. The requirement applies to:

  • Buildings occupied by public authorities with a floor area >250 m² and frequently visited by members of the public. Qualifying occupiers must obtain and display an EPC.
  • Other non‐domestic buildings with a floor area >250 m² and frequently visited by members of the public. Qualifying occupiers must display the EPC only if they have one.

No definition in legislation. However, the criteria of qualifying buildings are identified in guidance clause 6.9.3 of standard 6.9 ‘Energy Performance Certificates’ within the Scottish Non-domestic Technical Handbook.

Further information available at:

https://www.gov.scot/publications/building-standards-technical-handbook-2019-non-domestic/6-energy/6-9-energy-performance-certificates/

01.03

Number of residential buildings

Comments

Austria

2011: 1,978,794 (2,191,280 – 212,486) residential buildings (1)

2011: 427,098,474 m² (1,978,794 x 99.0 m²) (2)

1)   Statistical yearbook 2017, Chapter12 “Wohnen Tabelle 12.04”, Statistics Austria

(2)   Overview of the results – “Wohnungsgröße, MZ, 19.3.2015”, Statistics Austria

Belgium – Brussels Capital Region  164,025 buildings (534,968 units) Numbers in 2019
https://statbel.fgov.be/en/themes/housing/building-stock#figures
Belgium – Flemish Region

Total number of residential buildings: 2,282,268 (135,479 apartment buildings included)

Total number of dwellings: 3,083,936, of which:

  • single-family houses: 2,146,987
  • apartments in apartment buildings: 881,867

Data on the built ground surface (apartment buildings not included):

  • less than 45 m²: 31,221
  • between 45 m² and 64 m²: 146,299
  • between 65 m² and 104 m²: 622,652
  • larger than 104m²: 1,346,617
Source: Land register (202019)
Belgium – Walloon Region

+/- 1,600,000 dwellings

+/- 1,348,000 buildings


Bulgaria 2,078,906 residential buildings (3,970,719 dwellings) with useful floor space in dwellings of 195,999,682 m2 as of 31.12.2019 Source: National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria
Croatia



Long Term Strategy for Mobilising Investment in the Renovation of the National Building Stock of the Republic of Croatia

Total number includes buildings constructed by the end of 2011

Cyprus 431,000 Only 300,000 are permanently occupied. More details can be found in the Long-Term Renovation Strategy.
Czech Republic 1,766,046 Source: Czech Republic’s LTRS

Denmark

1,482,029

Statistical year 2019 (www.dst.dk)

Estonia 255,170

Finland

1,300,528

Statistical Yearbook of Finland, 2019, Statistics Finland. (Number of buildings at the end of 2018)

France 36.6 M housings
Germany 19,000,000 Destatis (Federal Statistical Office of Germany) https://www.destatis.de/

Greece

3,246,008 residential buildings (2,990,324 buildings that have only residential use, and 255,684 buildings of mixed use where the prevailing use is residential)

Another number that can be useful is the number of dwellings. A multi-family building can have e.g. 15 dwellings.

According to the Hellenic Statistical Authority, the total number of dwellings was 4,122,088, census 2011.

Hungary

2,722,488


(number of flats: 4,474,531)

Total number

Source: Hungarian Central Statistical Office, 2020

Ireland 2,003,645 houses and apartments

Year: 2016

Source: Census

https://www.cso.ie/en/census/census2016reports/ 

Italy 12,420,403 Source:  CRESME 2018 + Draft LTRS
Republic of Latvia 363,991 (91.08x106 m2) Information from the National Real Estate Cadastre Information System (1 January 2019)
Luxembourg 142,820 (in 2017) (STATEC 2017, REGARDS 13)
Malta Circa 153,000 This number relates to the number of houses used on a permanent basis. An additional number of dwellings are used on a temporary basis mainly as summer residences. This, together with the number of vacant properties, has been estimated at 72,000.
The Netherlands 7,891,561 (as of January 2020) Statistics Netherlands (www.cbs.nl)

Norway

1,573,000 - of which 1,177,000 are single-family houses

End of 2016, Statistics Norway (https://www.ssb.no/bygg-bolig-og-eiendom/statistikker/bygningsmasse)

Poland 7,156,982 Source: Main Office of Geodesy and Cartography
Portugal 3,604,407 Mostly residential; data from the National Statistics Institute - INE, reference 31/12/2018
Slovak Republic

Total number of residential buildings 1,129,898*.              

Apartment buildings 66,293**

Single-family houses 1,063,605***

*Census 2011, official statistics for the period until 2019

**The period 2011-2019

***Database of TSUS + estimate, official statistics until 2019

Slovenia 63,737,000 m2 Long-Term Strategy for Mobilising Investments in the ENERGY RENOVATION OF BUILDINGS until 20505 (2021)
Sweden Approx. 2,400,000. Estimated total
UK – England 24.2 million homes* in England (March 2018)

(*) Estimated based on:  

Live tables on dwelling stock – Table 104: Dwelling stock: by tenure, England (historical series), MHCLG (May 2019).

https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/live-tables-on-dwelling-stock-including-vacants#history

Dwelling Stock Estimates: 2018, England, MHCLG, (May 2019), ISBN:  978-1-4098-5461-6

https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/803958/Dwelling_Stock_Estimates_31_March_2018__England.pdf

UK – Wales 1,431,537 residential buildings in Wales (March 2019)*

(*) Dwelling Stock Estimates for Wales

https://statswales.gov.wales/Catalogue/Housing/Dwelling-Stock-Estimates/dwellingstockestimates-by-year-tenure

UK – Northern Ireland

798,971 homes in Northern Ireland (December 2019)*

(*) Northern Ireland Housing Statistics 2018-19, Published 3 December 2019, Department for Communities

https://www.communities-ni.gov.uk/system/files/publications/communities/ni-housing-stats-18-19-full-copy.PDF

UK – Scotland

2.6 million* homes in Scotland (estimated)

(*) Housing Statistics 2019: Key Trends Summary, Scottish Government, September 2019.

Available at:

https://www.gov.scot/publications/housing-statistics-scotland-2019-key-trends-summary/

01.04

Number of non-residential buildings

Comments

Austria

2011: 312,064 non-residential buildings (including “other buildings”)

(1)   Statistical yearbook 2017, Chapter12 “Wohnen, Tabelle” 12.04”, Statistics Austria

(2)   Statistical yearbook 2017, Chapter12 “Wohnen, Tabelle 12.05”, Statistics Austria

Belgium – Brussels Capital Region 

30,664 Numbers in 2019
https://statbel.fgov.be/en/themes/housing/building-stock#figures
Belgium – Flemish Region 416,573 Source: Land register (2020)
Belgium – Walloon Region +/- 75,400 buildings
Bulgaria Not available
Croatia

Long Term Strategy for Mobilising Investment in the Renovation of the National Building Stock of the Republic of Croatia

Total number includes buildings constructed by the end of 2011

Cyprus 30,000 More details can be found in the Long-Term Renovation Strategy.
Czech Republic 613,134 Source: Czech Republic’s LTRS

Denmark

771,289

Statistical year 2019 (www.dst.dk)

Estonia 410,926

Finland

229,946

Statistical Yearbook of Finland, 2019, Statistics Finland. (Number of buildings at the end of 2018)

France 1,000 Mm² of heated surface
Germany 3,500,000 non-residential buildings Dämmbarkeit des deutschen Gebäudebestands; Beuth Hochschule für Technik Berlin, ifeu- Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg; Juli 2015

Greece

The total number of non-residential buildings is 273,596 (209,469 + 64,127).

The type of uses are: hotels, schools, office/commercial, and hospitals.

The first number accounts for single-use buildings, while the second number accounts for buildings with mixed use where the prevailing use is one of the aforementioned.

According to the National (Hellenic) Statistical Authority, buildings can be of the following types based on their use:

residential, church/ monastery, hotel, factory, school, office/commercial, parking, hospital, and other.

For the purposes of this document only the categories that are relevant to the EPC are totalled.

Source: Hellenic Statistical Authority, census 2011.

Hungary 287,032

Total number incl. commercial, educational, health care, public administration, social, cultural and other buildings

Souce: Hungarian Central Statistical Office, 2005

Ireland

109,000 commercial buildings

10,000 buildings in public sector

4,300 industrial sites

https://www.seai.ie/publications/
Extensive-Survey-of-Commercial-Buildings-Stock-in-the-Republic-of-Ireland.pdf
Italy 1,576,159 Source: ISTAT Census 2011
Republic of Latvia 1,006,847 (115.50 x106 m2) Information from the National Real Estate Cadastre Information System (1 January 2019)
Luxembourg Approx. 11-14 Mio m2 (in 2020) LTRS 2020
Malta

203 hotels + 4,732 collective or individual accommodation

294 schools

7 hospitals with a bed capacity of 1,905

3,711 restaurants

18,000 m2 of sport facilities


The Netherlands 1,147,500 (as of January 2020) Statistics Netherlands (www.cbs.nl)

Norway

2,664,000

End of 2020, Statistics Norway

Poland 575,460 Source: Main Office of Geodesy and Cartography
Portugal 26,237 Mostly non-residential, data from 2011 Census (National Institute of Statistics - INE)
Slovak Republic 28,073 Database of TSUS (until 2011), official statistics for the period of 2011-2019 + estimate
Slovenia 23,493,000 m2 Long-Term Strategy for Mobilising Investments in the ENERGY RENOVATION OF BUILDINGS until 2050 (2021)
Sweden Approx. 110,000 Estimated total
UK – England 1,953,380 in England*

(*) Estimated based on:

Non-domestic rating: stock of properties including business floorspace, 2019. Table SC1.0, Valuation Office Agency (Nov 2019).

https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/non-domestic-rating-stock-of-properties-including-business-floorspace-2019

UK – Wales 119,680 in Wales*

(*) Estimated based on:

Non-domestic rating: stock of properties including business floorspace, 2019. Table SC1.0, Valuation Office Agency (Nov 2019).

https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/non-domestic-rating-stock-of-properties-including-business-floorspace-2019

UK – Northern Ireland

74,030 in Northern Ireland*

(*) Non-domestic Valuation List Summary 2020-2021, June 2020, Northern Ireland Government.

https://www.finance-ni.gov.uk/publications/summary-valuation-lists

UK – Scotland

196,000* non-domestic buildings in Scotland (estimated)

(*) Scotland's non-domestic energy efficiency baseline: report, Scottish Government, December 2018.

Available at:

https://www.gov.scot/publications/scotlands-non-domestic-energy-efficiency-baseline/

01.05

If possible, share of public buildings included in the number given in 01.04

Comments

Austria

no data available

-

Belgium – Brussels Capital Region 

630 Numbers in 2019
https://statbel.fgov.be/fr/themes/construction-logement/occupation-du-sol-selon-le-registre-cadastral#figures
Belgium – Flemish Region Data not available
Belgium – Walloon Region +/- 31,700 buildings
Bulgaria Not available
Croatia 64% Long Term Strategy for Mobilising Investment in the Renovation of the National Building Stock of the Republic of Croatia
Cyprus 1,000 More details can be found in the Long-Term Renovation Strategy.
Czech Republic 19.2% Source: Czech Republic’s LTRS

Denmark

84,582

Statistical year 2019 (www.dst.dk)

Estonia 1.1% (4,711 buildings) Entertainment, educational, health and other public buildings

Finland

32,767

Statistical Yearbook of Finland, 2019, Statistics Finland, includes only public service buildings (institutional buildings, buildings for assembly and educational buildings) (Number of buildings at the end of 2018)

France

Germany 175,000 Dena, 2018

Greece

34,958, which account for 12.8% of the number indicated in 01.04

The number indicated here concerns buildings where the owner is a public authority and their use is one of the following: hotel, school, office/commercial, hospital.

(Source: Hellenic Statistical Authority, census 2011).

Hungary 22,990 Total number based on consultant’s estimation
Ireland 10,000 buildings in public sector
Italy 5.4%

Only for schools, offices, hospital facilities and prisons (the figure could be underestimated)

Source: CRESME 2018 + Draft LTRS

Republic of Latvia 32,825 (27.29 x106 m2)

Information from the National Real Estate Cadastre Information System (1 January 2017)

There are no separate statistics for public buildings and commercial buildings.

Luxembourg Approx. 34%-44% (in 2020)

LTRS 2020

Malta Exact number is not known. The total floor area is estimated at 518,500 m2.
The Netherlands Approximately 35,000 non-residential municipal buildings (including schools). (sources: RVO, Kadaster)

Norway

N/A

No definition available

Poland Not available
Portugal (no information available)
Slovak Republic 15,532

Database of TSUS + estimate

(official statistics only for 2017-2019)

Slovenia 9,707,000 m2 Long-Term Strategy for Mobilising Investments in the ENERGY RENOVATION OF BUILDINGS until 2050 (2021)
Sweden

UK – England Not available
UK – Wales Not available

UK – Northern Ireland

Not available


UK – Scotland

Not available

Recorded data do not differentiate between buildings occupied by public authorities and other buildings.

01.06

If possible, share of commercial buildings included in the number given in 01.04

Comments

Austria

2011:  36,334

Statistical yearbook 2017, Chapter12 “Wohnen, Tabelle 12.05”, Statistics Austria

Belgium – Brussels Capital Region 

15,887 Numbers in 2019
https://statbel.fgov.be/en/themes/housing/building-stock#figures
Belgium – Flemish Region 76,141 Source: Land register (2020)
Belgium – Walloon Region +/- 19,400 buildings
Bulgaria Not available
Croatia 36% Long Term Strategy for Mobilising Investment in the Renovation of the National Building Stock of the Republic of Croatia
Cyprus 29,000
Czech Republic 80.8% Source: Czech Republic’s LTRS

Denmark

686,707

Statistical year 2019 (www.dst.dk)

Estonia 2.2% (9,118 buildings) Office and Retail & Service

Finland

134,034

Statistical Yearbook of Finland, 2019, Statistics Finland, includes shop buildings, office buildings, industrial buildings, and warehouses. (Number of buildings at the end of 2018)

France

Germany undocumented

Greece

206,254 buildings characterised as office/ commercial buildings (153,510 + 52,744). The first number accounts for single-use buildings, while the second number accounts for buildings with mixed use where the prevailing use is office/ commercial.

It accounts for 75% of the number indicated in 01.04.

Source: Hellenic Statistical Authority.
Hungary 220,149

Total number

Source: Hungarian Central Statistical Office, 2005

Ireland 109,000 commercial buildings
Italy 16% CRESME 2018 + National Trade Observatory 2018
Republic of Latvia 32,825 (27.29 x106 m2)

Information from the National Real Estate Cadastre Information System (1 January 2017)

There are no separate statistics for public buildings and commercial buildings.

Luxembourg Approx. 56%-66% (in 2020) LTRS 2020
Malta 7,800 dwellings, 1,100 manufacturing, warehouse, retail, hotels and office buildings (development permits issued for construction or renovation)
The Netherlands

Non-residential building, function meetings: 62,111

Non-residential building, function cell (detention): 58

Non-residential building, function health care: 22,816

Non-residential building, function industry: 198,951

Non-residential building, function office: 96,258

Non-residential building, function accommodation: 125,117 

Non-residential building, function education: 13,870

Non-residential building, function sports: 9,708

Non-residential building, function commercial: 129,198

Non-residential building with other function: 439,881

Non-residential building with multiple functions: 49,532

(Total) Statistics Netherlands (www.cbs.nl)

Norway

N/A

No definition available

Poland Not available
Portugal (no information available)
Slovak Republic 5,556 Estimate (official statistics only for 2017-2019)
Slovenia 13,786,000 m2 Long-Term Strategy for Mobilising Investments in the ENERGY RENOVATION OF BUILDINGS until 2050 (2021)
Sweden

UK – England 487,810 retail premises in England*

(*) Estimated based on:

Non-domestic rating: stock of properties including business floorspace, 2019. Table SC1.0 Valuation Office Agency (Nov 2019).

https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/non-domestic-rating-stock-of-properties-including-business-floorspace-2019

UK – Wales 29,470 retail premises in Wales*

(*) Estimated based on:

Non-domestic rating: stock of properties including business floorspace, 2019. Table SC1.0 Valuation Office Agency (Nov 2019).

https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/non-domestic-rating-stock-of-properties-including-business-floorspace-2019

UK – Northern Ireland

Not available


UK – Scotland Retail and financial premises account for 32% of the 196,000 non-domestic buildings outlined in 01.04*. This is approximately 62,000 premises. A further breakdown of these figures is not available.

(*) Scotland's non-domestic energy efficiency baseline: report, Scottish Government, December 2018.

Available at:

https://www.gov.scot/publications/scotlands-non-domestic-energy-efficiency-baseline/

01.07

Number of buildings constructed per year (estimate)

Comments

Austria

2011: 2,290,858 (1)

2001: 2,046,712 (2)

2001-2011: ≈24,415 per year

(1)   Statistical yearbook 2017, Chapter12 “Wohnen Tabelle 12.04”, Statistics Austria

(2)   Statistical yearbook 2011, Chapter12 “Wohnen, Tabelle 12.04”, Statistics Austria

Belgium – Brussels Capital Region 

204 Average over 2011-2019
https://statbel.fgov.be/en/themes/housing/building-stock#figures
Belgium – Flemish Region

± 29,000 building units

Mean value of last years. Based on new building units rather than on building level.

Source: database of final declarations (EPB)

Covers residential, non-residential and industry units

Belgium – Walloon Region +/- 8,100 buildings
Bulgaria Average number of newly constructed buildings for the period 2017-2019 is 6,088 buildings per annum. Source: National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria
Croatia

Number of finished buildings

Croatian Bureau of Statistics
Cyprus 7,218 The number of building permits issued in 2019
Czech Republic 14,901 Average over the period 2012-2018
Denmark

28,245

Statistical year 2019 (www.dst.dk)

Estonia ~5,000 Construction permits (2020)
Finland

36,148

Statistical Yearbook of Finland, 2019, Statistics Finland, completed buildings and dwellings. (Number of buildings at the end of 2018)

Yearly average based on 2016-2018 (residential buildings are calculated by number of dwellings/apartments).

France

Germany

145,016 (2018)

146,012 (2017)

154,258 (2016)

Average over last 2 years: 145,514

Number of building permits for construction of new

(source: destatis)

Greece



Hungary approximately 28,000

Highest number in the last decade

Source: Hungarian Central Statistical Office, 2020

Ireland New house and apartment completions in 2019 were 21,241
Italy

Not available.

Building permits for 2018: 17.36x106 m2

ISTAT, Building Permits 2020
Republic of Latvia

New residential buildings built (x103 m2 total area)

2018 – 455
2019 – 539.5

Central Statistical Bureau
Luxembourg Approx. 900,000 m2/year
Malta Circa 9,000-10,000
The Netherlands

70,700 residential buildings in 2019; approximately 61,000 residential buildings per year over the last five years.

10,400 non-residential buildings in 2019; approximately 8,000 non-residential buildings per year over the last five years.

Statistics Netherlands (www.cbs.nl)
Norway 40,000 Statistics Norway (https://www.ssb.no/bygg-bolig-og-eiendom/statistikker/byggeareal/kvartal). Estimate 2017-2020.
Poland Data from 2018: 102,796 Source: Central Statistical Office
Portugal 14,788

Average of last 3 years

Data from the National Statistics Institute - INE, reference 31/12/2018

Slovak Republic 12,855 Official statistics and estimate
Slovenia 8,577 Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, average 2018-2019
Sweden Approx. 5,000 buildings
Building permit applications statistics:
2019: 10,600
2020: 10,550
2021: 14,500
Rough estimate relevant for 2016
UK – England

Residential: see 01.08

Non-residential: not identified


UK – Wales

Residential: see 01.08

Non-residential: not identified


UK – Northern Ireland

Domestic: see 01.08

Non-domestic: not identified


UK – Scotland

Domestic: See 01.08

Non-domestic: See 01.09


01.08

If possible, share of residential buildings constructed per year (estimate, included in the number given in 01.07)

Comments

Austria

2011: 1,978,794 (1)

2001: 1,764,455 (2)

2001-2011: ≈21,434 per year

(1)   Statistical yearbook 2017, Chapter12 “Wohnen Tabelle 12.04”, Statistics Austria

(2)   Statistical yearbook 2011, Chapter12 “Wohnen, Tabelle 12.04”, Statistics Austria

Belgium – Brussels Capital Region 87.6% Average over 2011-2019
https://statbel.fgov.be/en/themes/housing/building-stock#figures
Belgium – Flemish Region

94% building units

Analysis of the data in the EPB-database

Source: database of final declarations (EPB)
Belgium – Walloon Region +/- 6,800 buildings
Bulgaria Average number of newly constructed residential buildings for the period 2017-2019 is 2,527 residential buildings per annum. Source: National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria
Croatia

79% in 2016

74% in 2017

77% in 2018

78% in 2019

Croatian Bureau of Statistics
Cyprus 5,179 The number of building permits issued in 2019
Czech Republic 91% Based on the average of buildings constructed between 2012 and 2018

Denmark

-


Estonia ~50% Construction permits (2020)

Finland

98% or 35,514

Statistical Yearbook of Finland, 2019, Statistics Finland, completed buildings and dwellings. (Number of buildings at the end of 2018)

Yearly average based on 2016-2018 (residential buildings are calculated by number of dwellings/apartments).

France 400,000 housings
Germany

Approx. 117,869 (2018)

119,060 (2017)

125,157 (2016)

Average over last 2 years: 118,464

Number of building permits for residential new buildings

(source: destatis)

Greece

The numbers given here refer to dwellings, not buildings and can thus not be given as a share of the figures indicated in 01.07.


2017

2018

2019

Number of new dwellings

10,335

13,337

17,432

Source: Hellenic Statistical Authority – Building Activity
Hungary 63% Source: Hungarian Central Statistical Office, 2020
Ireland New house and apartment completions in 2019 were 21,241
Italy

Not available.

Building permits for 2018: 4.73x106 m2

ISTAT, Building Permits 2020
Republic of Latvia Data is not available
Luxembourg Approx. 78%
Malta 80-85%
The Netherlands

87%

In 2015, there were 55,600 applications for permits for new residential buildings; approximately 48,400 were completed.

In 2016, there were 53,600 applications for permits and 54,800 residential buildings completed.

In 2017:  69,700 applications, 63,000 completed.

In 2018: 70,000 applications, 66,600 completed.

In 2019, there were 57,400 applications for permits and 70,700 residential buildings completed.

Statistics Netherlands (www.cbs.nl)
Norway 90% Estimate by NVE
Poland Data from 2018: 79,295 Source: Central Statistical Office
Portugal 10,949 residential buildings - 74% Average of the last 3 years; data from the National Statistics Institute - INE, reference 31/12/2018
Slovak Republic 12,520 Estimate based on statistic data
Slovenia 2,501 Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, average 2018-2019
Sweden

63,000 dwellings approx. 4,000 buildings

Single-family houses approx. 7,000 dwellings/year

Residential apartment buildings approx. 27,000 dwellings/year


UK – England

New build completions (England)*:

2016-17P

183,570

2017-18P

195,290

2018-19P

213,860

P Figure provisional and subject to revision.

(*) Estimated based on:

Housing supply; net additional dwellings, England: 2018-19, MHCLG (Dec 2019)

https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/housing-supply-net-additional-dwellings-england-2018-to-2019

UK – Wales

New residential building completions (Wales)*:

2018-19

5,777

2017-18

6,663

2016-17

6,833

(*) New dwellings completed by period and tenure, StatsWales: Welsh Government (March 2020).

https://statswales.gov.wales/Catalogue/Housing/New-House-Building/newdwellingscompleted-by-period-tenure

UK – Northern Ireland

New build domestic completions (Northern Ireland)*:

2016-17: 6,461

2017-18: 7,096

2018-19: 7,809

(*) Northern Ireland Housing Statistics 2018-19 (Section 1): Table 1.7. Building control new dwelling completions by development type 2010-20191, December 2019, Department for Communities

https://www.communities-ni.gov.uk/publications/northern-ireland-housing-statistics-2018-19

UK – Scotland

New domestic building completions (Scotland)*:

2016-2017: 17,201

2017-2018: 17,623

2018-2019: 21,292

(*) Housing Statistics for Scotland 2019: Key Trends Summary, Scottish Government, September 2019.

Available at:

https://www.gov.scot/publications/housing-statistics-scotland-2019-key-trends-summary/

01.09

If possible, share of non-residential buildings constructed per year (estimate, included in the number given in 01.07)

Comments

Austria

2011: 312,064 (1)

2001: 282,257 (2)

2001-2011: ≈2,981 per year

(1)   Statistical yearbook 2017, Chapter12 “Wohnen Tabelle 12.04”, Statistics Austria

(2)   Statistical yearbook 2011, Chapter12 “Wohnen, Tabelle 12.04”, Statistics Austria

Belgium – Brussels Capital Region 12.4 Average over 2013-2015 (240 residential + 30 non-residential)
http://statbel.fgov.be/en/statistics/figures/
Belgium – Flemish Region

5% building units

Analysis of the data in the EPB-database

Source: database of final declarations (EPB)

The remaining 1% of building units concerns industry units

Belgium – Walloon Region +/- 1,300 buildings
Bulgaria Average number of newly constructed non-residential buildings for the period 2017-2019 is 3,561 non-residential buildings per annum. Source: National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria
Croatia

21% in 2016

26% in 2017

23% in 2018

78% in 2019

Croatian Bureau of Statistics
Cyprus 1,121 The number of building permits issued in 2019
Czech Republic 9% Based on the average of buildings constructed between 2012 and 2018

Denmark

-

Statistics Netherlands (www.cbs.nl)

Estonia ~50% Construction permits (2020)
Finland 2% or 499

Statistical Yearbook of Finland, 2019, Statistics Finland, completed buildings and dwellings. (Number of buildings at the end of 2018)

Yearly average based on 2016-2018

France 26.5 Mm² initiated
Germany

27,147 (2018)

26,952 (2017)

29,101(2016)

26,533 (2015)

Average over last 4 years: 27,433

Number of building permits for new buildings

(source: destatis)

Greece

The numbers given here do not exclusively include new constructed commercial buildings but can also include permits for establishing a new commercial use for an existing building or additions to existing buildings, etc.

Thus, they cannot be given as a share of the numbers indicated in 01.07.


2017

2018

2019

New commercial use

2,361

2,501

2,606

Source: Hellenic Statistical Authority – Building Activity
Hungary 37% Source: Hungarian Central Statistical Office, 2020
Ireland Construction activity indicators available from www.cso.ie
Italy

Not available.

Building permits for 2018: 12.63x106 m2

ISTAT, Building Permits 2020
Republic of Latvia

Luxembourg Approx. 22%
Malta 15-20%
The Netherlands

13%

In 2015, there were 2,700 applications for permits for new non-residential buildings, approximately 6,300 were completed. A permit may apply to multiple buildings. 

In 2016, there were 2,700 applications for permits and 6,900 non-residential buildings completed.

In 2017: 3,200 applications, 7,400 completed.

In 2018: 3,400 applications, 9,500 completed.

In 2019, there were 3,100 applications for permits and 10,400 non-residential buildings completed.

Statistics Netherlands (www.cbs.nl)


Norway 10% Estimate by NVE
Poland Data from 2018: 23,501 Source: Central Statistical Office
Portugal (no information available)
Slovak Republic 332 Estimated and official statistics
Slovenia 6,076 Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, average 2018-2019
Sweden

UK – England Not identified
UK – Wales Not identified
UK – Northern Ireland Not identified
UK – Scotland

New non-domestic building completions (Scotland):

2019: 211

2018: 438

2017: 324

Statistical data is not published, but has been derived from EPC dataset published at:

https://statistics.gov.scot/data/non-domestic-energy-performance-certificates

01.10

Useful floor area of buildings constructed per year in million square meters (estimate)

Comments

Austria

2011: 6,751,443 m² residential (1)(2)(3)

2011: 1,623,084 m² non-residential (1)(2)(3)

(1)   Statistical yearbook 2017, Chapter12 “Wohnen Tabelle 12.04”, Statistics Austria

(2)   Statistical yearbook 2011, Chapter12 “Wohnen, Tabelle 12.04”, Statistics Austria

(3)    Overview of the results – “Wohnungsgröße, MZ, 19.3.2015”, Statistics Austria

Belgium – Brussels Capital Region 

/
Belgium – Flemish Region

4.2 million m²/year

Only residential building units + gross floor area instead of useful floor area

Estimated by multiplying the mean gross floor area (± 158 m²) of residential building units with the number of residential building units (94% of 29,000)
Belgium – Walloon Region +/- 3 Mm²
Bulgaria

Average gross building area of newly constructed buildings for the period 2017-2019 is 4,004 x 106 m2 per annum, including:

  • 2,094 x 106 m2 of residential buildings;
  • 1,91 x 106 m2 of non-residential buildings (0,128 x 106 m2 of offices + 1,782 x 106 m2 of other non-residential buildings.
Source: National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria
Croatia

Useful floor area m2

Croatian Bureau of Statistics
Cyprus 2.56 Based on the building permits building permits issued in 2019
Czech Republic 3.03 Based on the average of buildings constructed between 2012 and 2018
Denmark 6,69 Mm2 Statistical year 2019 (www.dst.dk)
Estonia ~2.05 Construction permits (2020)
Finland Not available. Only building volume (m3) is recorded. Yearly average building volume of all completed buildings (residential and non-residential) is 36 Million m3.

Statistical Yearbook of Finland, 2019, Statistics Finland, completed buildings. (Number of buildings at the end of 2018)

Yearly average based on 2016-2018.

France 62 million m²/year
Germany

31,547 (2019)

30,589 (2018)

30,377 (2017)

31,805 (2016)

28,510 (2015) living space only

Average over last 3 years: 28,938

No data available for total constructed floor area

(source: destatis)

Greece

The numbers given in 01.07 for newly constructed buildings in terms of useful floor area are given in the table below:


2017

2018

2019

Number of new buildings

(4,930)

1.7 m2

(5,685)

2.2 m2

(6,044)

2.5m2

Source: Hellenic Statistical Authority – Building Activity
Hungary 6.62 Source: Hungarian Central Statistical Office, 2020
Ireland Construction activity indicators available from www.cso.ie
Italy 17,365,028 m2 ISTAT, Building Permits 2020
Republic of Latvia 2019 – 1,236 M m2 New buildings together, e.g., one-apartment houses, two- or more-apartment houses, dwellings of various social groups, hotels and similar buildings, office buildings, wholesale and retail buildings, traffic and communication buildings, industrial production buildings and warehouses, entertainment, educational or healthcare buildings, other non-residential buildings
Luxembourg Approx. 0.9 Million m2/year
Malta Not Known; data not divided between completely new, extensions of existing, renovation of existing and structural alterations to existing or change of use of existing or any combination of these
The Netherlands

Residential buildings: 8.2 million m2

Non-residential buildings: not available


Norway 9.2 million m2 (2020) Statistics Norway (https://www.ssb.no/bygg-bolig-og-eiendom/statistikker/byggeareal/aar)
Poland

Data from 2019:

  • residential – 18.37 Mm2
  • non-residential – 16.33 Mm2

TOTAL – 34.70 Mm2


Portugal 4,858 million Average of the last 3 years (2018, 2017, 2016); data from the National Institute of Statistics - INE
Slovak Republic 2,000,000 Average from statistics + estimate
Slovenia 1.8 million m2 Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, average 2018-2019
Sweden 8.8 million m2 on average.
Building permit applications statistics:
2019: 8 million m2 2020: 8 million m2
2021: 10 million m2
www.scb.se 
UK – England

Floor areas of residential buildings constructed per year (England)*:


Floor areas of non-residential buildings constructed per year (England)^:

(*) Live Table NB3, published quarterly statistics on Energy Performance of Buildings Certificates in England and Wales:

(^) Live Table A, published quarterly statistics on Energy Performance of Buildings Certificates in England and Wales

https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/live-tables-on-energy-performance-of-buildings-certificates

UK – Wales

Floor areas of residential buildings constructed per year (Wales)*:

Floor areas of non-residential buildings constructed per year (Wales)^:

(*) Live Table NB3, published quarterly statistics on Energy Performance of Buildings Certificates in England and Wales

(^) Live Table A, published quarterly statistics on Energy Performance of Buildings Certificates in England and Wales

https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/live-tables-on-energy-performance-of-buildings-certificates

UK – Northern Ireland

Total for domestic and non-domestic:

(*) Department of Finance, 2020. This data has not been published previously.
UK – Scotland

New domestic building completions (Scotland):

2019: 2.3

2018: 1.9

2017: 1.5

New non-domestic building completions (Scotland):

2019: 0.69

2018: 0.76

2017: 0.73

Statistical data is not published but has been derived from EPC datasets published at:

Domestic:

https://statistics.gov.scot/data/domestic-energy-performance-certificates

Non-domestic:

https://statistics.gov.scot/data/non-domestic-energy-performance-certificates

Copyright © 2024 CA EPBD