Key Indicators & Decisions (KI&Ds) – GENERAL BACKGROUND
01.01 |
Definition of public buildings (according to article 9 b) |
Comments |
|---|---|---|
Austria |
The requirement of article 9 b contains an implicit definition |
Article 9 b was implemented in clause 4.2 of OIB Guideline 6, edition April 2019 |
Belgium – Brussels Capital Region |
Public buildings are those occupied by legal entities defined in COBRACE (see Comments). | Ordinance (COBRACE) of 2013/05/02, art. 2.4.2 §3 With a definition for public authority in art. 1.3.1_4° of the ordinance |
| Belgium – Flemish Region | Office buildings of public authorities | Which types of organisations are considered to be ‘public authorities’ is defined in the Energiebesluit. From 2018 onwards, the requirements for almost all non-residential buildings are set at the NZEB-level; however office buildings follow a slightly slower path. In the Energiebesluit it is stated that office buildings of the mentioned authorities have to comply as of 2019 with the same requirements as other new offices have to comply with in 2021. The Flemish scope is thus broader than the EPBD. |
| Belgium – Walloon Region | Buildings occupied by: 1 ° European and international institutions, federal, regional, community, provincial and municipal authorities; 2 ° any organisation meeting the following conditions: a) created or approved by the authorities referred to in 1 °; b) responsible for a public service; c) not part of the legislative or judicial power; d) controlled or determined in its operation by the authorities referred to in 1 ° |
|
| Bulgaria | There is no adequate definition of public buildings in Bulgarian legislation corresponding to the wording “buildings occupied and owned by public authorities” referred to in paragraph 1 (b) of Art. 9 of the EPBD. The intermediate annual targets for improving the energy performance of new administrative buildings satisfying the definition of the nearly zero-energy buildings (NZEB) are given in the National Plan for NZEBs 2015-2020, adopted by the Council of Ministers in December 2015. These administrative buildings (offices) include buildings occupied and owned by public authorities (state, regional or local authorities). | |
| Croatia | Public sector buildings are buildings that are owned and used by public authorities. Public sector includes budgetary and extra-budgetary users of the state budget and budget users of local and regional (regional) governments authorities |
Energy Efficiency Act (OG 127/2014), Article 4 |
| Cyprus | Buildings that are used by the central government, local authorities and other independent government authorities | This is not a legal definition but rather how the competent authority (MECI) is implementing the EPBD. |
| Czech Republic | No | No definition provided in the legislation |
| Denmark | 'Public building' means a roofed construction with walls, owned or used by the state, and for which energy is used to condition the indoor climate. |
|
| Estonia | Construction permit applied and building constructed for a local authority or government agency or any other public-law agency; used or possessed building must meet NZEB requirements as of 1 February 2019. | |
| Finland | No definition. |
In relation to article 9, public buildings do not differ from other buildings. All requirements set for new buildings apply. |
| France | No | |
| Germany | Non-residential buildings which are owned and used by public authorities | Described in §2a (1) of the Energy Saving Act |
| Greece | Law 4122/2013 sets the obligation for new buildings occupied and owned by public authorities to be nearly zero-energy buildings from 1/1/2019. There is no further definition of what is considered a public building. For a new building to be characterised as nearly zero-energy building it should at least fall under energy class A, while for an existing building to be characterised as nearly zero-energy it should at least fall under energy class B+. |
|
| Hungary | Buildings having an official function, owned by the state and non-profit. | |
| Ireland | Any building in excess of 500 m2 which is frequently visited by the public is required to display either a BER certificate or a Display Energy Certificate (DEC) in a prominent place clearly visible to members of the public. This requirement is extended to all buildings in excess of 250 m2 which are frequently visited by the public when occupied by public bodies. “Public body” means a Department of State, the Office of the President, the Office of the Attorney General, the Office of the Comptroller and Auditor General, the Office of the Houses of the Oireachtas, a local authority, the Health Service Executive, or a person, body or organisation (other than the Defence Forces) established (i) by or under any enactment (other than the Companies Acts), or (ii) under the Companies Acts, in pursuance of powers conferred by or under another enactment, and financed wholly or partly, whether directly or indirectly, by means of moneys provided, or loans made or guaranteed, by a Minister of the Government or shares held by or on behalf of a Minister of the Government. | |
| Italy | Buildings owned by the state, the regions, by local authorities or other public bodies used for the owner’s activities or other activities, including dwelling | (Decree 192/2005 EPBD implementation) |
| Republic of Latvia | Buildings that are occupied and owned by public authorities, i.e.: owned by the State and in the possession of the authorities and where the State authorities are located | Transposed in Cabinet Regulation No. 383 of 9 July 2013 ‘Regulations regarding Energy certification of Buildings’ (Regulation No. 383) Annex 5 for Minimum Permissible Level of Energy Performance of Buildings for New Buildings |
| Luxembourg | Since 1 January 2017, all new residential buildings are NZEB. By mid-2021, all new non-residential buildings will be NZEB. | |
| Malta | Buildings that are both owned by the government of Malta and occupied by authorities forming part of central or local government. | |
| The Netherlands | In the application of the guidelines relating to nearly zero-energy new buildings, a public building is defined as a building owned by the state, province, municipality, or water management board and that is used by the state, province, municipality, water management board, or independent administrative authority or advisory council established by law. | The amendment to the Building Decree 2012, Government Gazette 2015, 425 states that new buildings owned by the government and which house government agencies shall be nearly zero-energy after 31 December 2018. A building is a public building in the sense of nearly zero-energy new buildings if it meets the following two requirements:
This is self-evident in the case of the state, a municipality or water management board. This shall extend to public administrative authorities; these organisations typically have been established by law and the bulk of their budget typically is dependent on tax revenue. |
| Norway | N/A |
Not yet decided |
| Poland | There is no adequate definition of public buildings according to EPBD Article 9b in Poland. | |
| Portugal | Non-residential buildings with floor area above 1,000 m2, or 500 m2 for shopping center, supermarkets and covered pools. | |
| Slovak Republic | Public building is a building owned or administered by a public entity. | The definition is set in Act 321/2014 on Energy Efficiency, section 2, k. |
| Slovenia | SI: ‘owned by Slovenia or managed by local municipalities or used by public sector’ EPBD: ‘…new buildings occupied and owned by public authorities are nearly zero-energy buildings…’ |
National legislation - Energy Act EZ-1 (Art. 542): ‘Za nove stavbe, ki so v lasti Republike Slovenije ali samoupravnih lokalnih skupnosti in jih uporabljajo osebe javnega sektorja…’ |
| Sweden | NZEB-regulation applies to all buildings independent of use or ownership. A definition of public buildings is therefore not necessary. | Fastighetstaxeringslag (1979:1152) http://www.notisum.se/rnp/sls/lag/19791152.htm Sec 2:2. Definitions of different types of buildings Ownership not defined in this paragraph |
| UK – England | Not available | |
| UK – Wales | Not available | |
| UK – Northern Ireland | Not available |
|
| UK – Scotland | Not available |
Transposition of Article 9 in respect of new buildings is achieved by setting minimum energy performance requirements in building regulations. Requirements for new non-domestic buildings do not differentiate between new buildings occupied and owned by public authorities and other new buildings. |
01.02 |
Definition of public buildings used by the public (according to article 13) |
Comments |
|---|---|---|
Austria |
The requirement of article 13 contains an implicit definition |
- |
| Belgium – Brussels Capital Region | The building units used by one or more public authorities in the same building | Ordinance (COBRACE) of 2103/05/02, art. 2.2.14 §2 With a definition for public authority in art. 1.3.1_4° of the ordinance |
| Belgium – Flemish Region | Buildings frequently visited by the public because they are occupied by a public authority | There is no explicit definition adopted for the public display of a certificate for public buildings used by the public. The obligation of public display is set in the text of the Energiebesluit itself, not in the definitions. |
| Belgium – Walloon Region | Public buildings (see 01.01) are frequently visited by the public when their access to the public is free, without any condition other than a possible registration or a possible payment of an entrance fee. | |
| Bulgaria | There is no definition of public buildings used by the public in Bulgarian legislation corresponding to the wording referred to in paragraph 1 of Art. 13 of EPBD. There is no need for such a definition because the Energy Efficiency Act stipulates that the owners of buildings with a total floor area over 250 m2, for which an energy performance certificate has been issued, shall be bound to clearly display the certificate in the building. |
|
| Croatia | Public building means a building, or a part thereof used by public authorities for performing their activities, a building or a part thereof used for housing of specific population groups, and a non-residential building or part thereof in which a number of people are present, or a larger number of people are provided a service. | Building Act (OG 153/2013, 20/2017, 39/19, 125/19), Article 3 Housing of specific population groups includes housing for elderly persons, children, etc. |
| Cyprus | Buildings that are used by the central government, local authorities and other independent government authorities | This is not a legal definition but rather how the competent authority (MECI) is implementing the EPBD. |
| Czech Republic | No | No definition provided in the legislation. It is understood as a building intended for public use. |
Denmark |
A roofed construction with walls, owned or used by the state and accessible for the public, and for which energy is used to condition the indoor climate. |
|
| Estonia | The energy performance certificate must be displayed in a prominent place clearly visible to the public in the following cases: 1. When the net floor area of a building that is frequently visited by the public exceeds 500 m2; 2. When the net floor area of a building that belongs to a local authority or government agency or any other public-law agency exceeds 250 m2 and is often visited by the public. |
|
Finland |
A public building, in relation to article 13, is a building where an authority provides public services in premises frequently visited by the public. |
The definition of an authority; a legal organ with task and powers based on legal norms. These consist of both state and municipal authorities, state, and municipal institutions as well as the Evangelical Lutheran Church and the Orthodox Church. Legislated state enterprises as well as municipal enterprises are considered public institutions. |
| France | R. 123-2 of Construction and Housing Code: ‘every building or room where people are allowed for free or in exchange of a payment, or where public or on invitation meetings take place.’ | |
| Germany | The owner of a building used by public authorities and with more than 250 m2 frequently used by the public has to display an EPC. | Described in Article 16 (3) of the Energy Saving Ordinance |
Greece |
There is no specific definition for public buildings under the scope of article 13. According to the provisions of Law 4122/2013, the requirement for all buildings used by the public sector and visited by the public to issue and publicly display an EPC, from 9/7/2015 also accounts for buildings with a total area of 250 m2 or more. Since no official registry for public buildings exists in Greece, the necessary information of public buildings is difficult to be accessed. The only available registry is the one referring to public buildings (with more than 250 m2 floor area) owned by the Central Government. The YPEN has initiated the communication with all central government organisations in order to acquire all necessary information. No controls are foreseen regarding the issuing and public display of EPCs. |
This list of 21 public buildings referred here is under the scope of Article 5 of EED, which concerns buildings owned and occupied by the central government. |
| Hungary | Buildings where more than 50% of the total floor area is used by the state or governmental authorities for administrative purposes | Governmental decree 176/2008 |
| Ireland | A public building is considered used by the public in case it is occupied by a public body and has a total floor area exceeding 250 m2 and is frequently visited by the public or when it has a total useful floor area exceeding 500 m2 and is frequently visited by the public. | |
| Italy | No related definition set | No definition corresponding to Art.13 EPBD, since the definition in Presidential Decree 412/93 and Decree 192/2005 EPBD implementation is: 'Building where the institution activity of public bodies is carried out' |
| Republic of Latvia | Buildings frequently visited by the public – public buildings Public Structure – any building, where more than 50% of its total area concerns public spaces or spaces for ensuring public functions, or an engineering structure intended for public use (such as stadiums or bandstands) |
Transposed in the Law on the Energy Performance of Buildings (LEPB) Article 13 first part point 3 The public building definition is determined in the Latvian Building Code LBN 208-15 ’Public structures’ |
| Luxembourg | Since mid-2014, article 13 is transposed for all buildings. | |
| Malta | A definition backed by legislation is not in place. Public buildings used by the public are defined by the public authorities (responsible for the implementation of the EPBD) as those buildings which are occupied by authorities forming part of the central or regional governments, which are intended to receive members of the public (not government workers) and which are visited by such persons on a daily basis. | |
| The Netherlands | Definition: a) A building of which a floor area of more than 250 m2 is used by a public authority or government agency and that is frequently visited by the general public, or b) A building that has a floor area of more than 250 m2 and that is frequently visited by the general public. |
Regulations: Article 4 of the Regulation on Energy Performance of Buildings (visible energy labelling) and Article 2.4 of the Energy Performance of Buildings Decree (definition of public buildings to which the requirement applies.) |
| Norway | N/A | Not applicable. The display of EPCs is mandatory for all non-residential buildings. Reference to Directive 2002/91/EC. |
| Poland | The owner or manager of the building, whose usable area that is occupied by the judiciary, the prosecutor's office and/or public administration bodies exceeds 250 m2, and in which customer service is carried out, ensures that an EPC for this building is drawn up. | The Act on the Energy Performance of Buildings (published on 8 September 2014 |
| Portugal | Non-residential buildings owned by a public entity, with floor area above 250 m2 occupied by public entity, and frequently visited by the public. | |
| Slovak Republic | Buildings often visited by the public | Under the Act 555/2005 as amended by Act 300/2012 |
| Slovenia | SI: “are owned or used by public sector” | National legislation – Act on Energy Efficiency, ZURE (Art. 34): ‘… so v lasti ali uporabi javnega sektorja’ |
| Sweden | Lag (2006:985) om energideklaration för byggnader. http://www.notisum.se/rnp/sls/lag/20060985.htm Article 13 § 5 applies to premises often visited by the public with a heated surface of over 250 m2 |
|
| UK – England | Display Energy Certificates (based on measured energy consumption) are issued and displayed in buildings >250m² that are occupied by a public authority and frequently visited by the public. Energy Performance Certificates (based on predicted energy consumption) are displayed in commercial premises >500m² that are frequently visited by the public, and where an EPC has previously been issued. |
|
| UK – Wales | Display Energy Certificates (based on measured energy consumption) are issued and displayed in buildings >250 m² that are occupied by a public authority and frequently visited by the public. Energy Performance Certificates (based on predicted energy consumption) are displayed in commercial premises >500 m² that are frequently visited by the public, and where an EPC has previously been issued. |
|
UK – Northern Ireland |
Display Energy Certificates (based on measured energy consumption) are issued and displayed in buildings >250 m² that are occupied by a public authority and frequently visited by the public. Energy Performance Certificates (based on predicted energy consumption) are displayed in commercial premises >500 m² that are frequently visited by the public, and where an EPC has previously been issued. |
|
UK – Scotland |
The calculated energy EPC required on construction, sale or rental is also displayed in “public buildings”. The requirement applies to:
|
No definition in legislation. However, the criteria of qualifying buildings are identified in guidance clause 6.9.3 of standard 6.9 ‘Energy Performance Certificates’ within the Scottish Non-domestic Technical Handbook. Further information available at: |
01.03 |
Number of residential buildings |
Comments |
|---|---|---|
Austria |
2011: 1,978,794 (2,191,280 – 212,486) residential buildings (1) 2011: 427,098,474 m² (1,978,794 x 99.0 m²) (2) |
1) Statistical yearbook 2017, Chapter12 “Wohnen Tabelle 12.04”, Statistics Austria (2) Overview of the results – “Wohnungsgröße, MZ, 19.3.2015”, Statistics Austria |
| Belgium – Brussels Capital Region | 164,025 buildings (534,968 units) | Numbers in 2019 https://statbel.fgov.be/en/themes/housing/building-stock#figures |
| Belgium – Flemish Region | Total number of residential buildings: 2,282,268 (135,479 apartment buildings included) Total number of dwellings: 3,083,936, of which:
Data on the built ground surface (apartment buildings not included):
|
Source: Land register (202019) |
| Belgium – Walloon Region | +/- 1,600,000 dwellings +/- 1,348,000 buildings |
|
| Bulgaria | 2,078,906 residential buildings (3,970,719 dwellings) with useful floor space in dwellings of 195,999,682 m2 as of 31.12.2019 | Source: National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria |
| Croatia |
|
Long Term Strategy for Mobilising Investment in the Renovation of the National Building Stock of the Republic of Croatia Total number includes buildings constructed by the end of 2011 |
| Cyprus | 431,000 | Only 300,000 are permanently occupied. More details can be found in the Long-Term Renovation Strategy. |
| Czech Republic | 1,766,046 | Source: Czech Republic’s LTRS |
Denmark |
1,482,029 |
Statistical year 2019 (www.dst.dk) |
| Estonia | 255,170 | |
Finland |
1,300,528 |
Statistical Yearbook of Finland, 2019, Statistics Finland. (Number of buildings at the end of 2018) |
| France | 36.6 M housings | |
| Germany | 19,000,000 | Destatis (Federal Statistical Office of Germany) https://www.destatis.de/ |
Greece |
3,246,008 residential buildings (2,990,324 buildings that have only residential use, and 255,684 buildings of mixed use where the prevailing use is residential) | Another number that can be useful is the number of dwellings. A multi-family building can have e.g. 15 dwellings. According to the Hellenic Statistical Authority, the total number of dwellings was 4,122,088, census 2011. |
| Hungary | 2,722,488
|
Total number Source: Hungarian Central Statistical Office, 2020 |
| Ireland | 2,003,645 houses and apartments | Year: 2016 Source: Census |
| Italy | 12,420,403 | Source: CRESME 2018 + Draft LTRS |
| Republic of Latvia | 363,991 (91.08x106 m2) | Information from the National Real Estate Cadastre Information System (1 January 2019) |
| Luxembourg | 142,820 (in 2017) | (STATEC 2017, REGARDS 13) |
| Malta | Circa 153,000 | This number relates to the number of houses used on a permanent basis. An additional number of dwellings are used on a temporary basis mainly as summer residences. This, together with the number of vacant properties, has been estimated at 72,000. |
| The Netherlands | 7,891,561 (as of January 2020) | Statistics Netherlands (www.cbs.nl) |
Norway |
1,573,000 - of which 1,177,000 are single-family houses |
End of 2016, Statistics Norway (https://www.ssb.no/bygg-bolig-og-eiendom/statistikker/bygningsmasse) |
| Poland | 7,156,982 | Source: Main Office of Geodesy and Cartography |
| Portugal | 3,604,407 | Mostly residential; data from the National Statistics Institute - INE, reference 31/12/2018 |
| Slovak Republic | Total number of residential buildings 1,129,898*. Apartment buildings 66,293** Single-family houses 1,063,605*** |
*Census 2011, official statistics for the period until 2019 **The period 2011-2019 ***Database of TSUS + estimate, official statistics until 2019 |
| Slovenia | 63,737,000 m2 | Long-Term Strategy for Mobilising Investments in the ENERGY RENOVATION OF BUILDINGS until 20505 (2021) |
| Sweden | Approx. 2,400,000. | Estimated total |
| UK – England | 24.2 million homes* in England (March 2018) | (*) Estimated based on: Live tables on dwelling stock – Table 104: Dwelling stock: by tenure, England (historical series), MHCLG (May 2019). Dwelling Stock Estimates: 2018, England, MHCLG, (May 2019), ISBN: 978-1-4098-5461-6 |
| UK – Wales | 1,431,537 residential buildings in Wales (March 2019)* | (*) Dwelling Stock Estimates for Wales |
UK – Northern Ireland |
798,971 homes in Northern Ireland (December 2019)* |
(*) Northern Ireland Housing Statistics 2018-19, Published 3 December 2019, Department for Communities |
UK – Scotland |
2.6 million* homes in Scotland (estimated) |
(*) Housing Statistics 2019: Key Trends Summary, Scottish Government, September 2019. Available at: https://www.gov.scot/publications/housing-statistics-scotland-2019-key-trends-summary/ |
01.04 |
Number of non-residential buildings |
Comments |
|---|---|---|
Austria |
2011: 312,064 non-residential buildings (including “other buildings”) |
(1) Statistical yearbook 2017, Chapter12 “Wohnen, Tabelle” 12.04”, Statistics Austria (2) Statistical yearbook 2017, Chapter12 “Wohnen, Tabelle 12.05”, Statistics Austria |
Belgium – Brussels Capital Region |
30,664 | Numbers in 2019 https://statbel.fgov.be/en/themes/housing/building-stock#figures |
| Belgium – Flemish Region | 416,573 | Source: Land register (2020) |
| Belgium – Walloon Region | +/- 75,400 buildings | |
| Bulgaria | Not available | |
| Croatia |
|
Long Term Strategy for Mobilising Investment in the Renovation of the National Building Stock of the Republic of Croatia Total number includes buildings constructed by the end of 2011 |
| Cyprus | 30,000 | More details can be found in the Long-Term Renovation Strategy. |
| Czech Republic | 613,134 | Source: Czech Republic’s LTRS |
Denmark |
771,289 |
Statistical year 2019 (www.dst.dk) |
| Estonia | 410,926 | |
Finland |
229,946 |
Statistical Yearbook of Finland, 2019, Statistics Finland. (Number of buildings at the end of 2018) |
| France | 1,000 Mm² of heated surface | |
| Germany | 3,500,000 non-residential buildings | Dämmbarkeit des deutschen Gebäudebestands; Beuth Hochschule für Technik Berlin, ifeu- Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg; Juli 2015 |
Greece |
The total number of non-residential buildings is 273,596 (209,469 + 64,127). The type of uses are: hotels, schools, office/commercial, and hospitals. The first number accounts for single-use buildings, while the second number accounts for buildings with mixed use where the prevailing use is one of the aforementioned. |
According to the National (Hellenic) Statistical Authority, buildings can be of the following types based on their use: residential, church/ monastery, hotel, factory, school, office/commercial, parking, hospital, and other. For the purposes of this document only the categories that are relevant to the EPC are totalled. Source: Hellenic Statistical Authority, census 2011. |
| Hungary | 287,032 | Total number incl. commercial, educational, health care, public administration, social, cultural and other buildings Souce: Hungarian Central Statistical Office, 2005 |
| Ireland | 109,000 commercial buildings 10,000 buildings in public sector 4,300 industrial sites |
https://www.seai.ie/publications/ Extensive-Survey-of-Commercial-Buildings-Stock-in-the-Republic-of-Ireland.pdf |
| Italy | 1,576,159 | Source: ISTAT Census 2011 |
| Republic of Latvia | 1,006,847 (115.50 x106 m2) | Information from the National Real Estate Cadastre Information System (1 January 2019) |
| Luxembourg | Approx. 11-14 Mio m2 (in 2020) | LTRS 2020 |
| Malta | 203 hotels + 4,732 collective or individual accommodation 294 schools 7 hospitals with a bed capacity of 1,905 3,711 restaurants 18,000 m2 of sport facilities |
|
| The Netherlands | 1,147,500 (as of January 2020) | Statistics Netherlands (www.cbs.nl) |
Norway |
2,664,000 |
End of 2020, Statistics Norway |
| Poland | 575,460 | Source: Main Office of Geodesy and Cartography |
| Portugal | 26,237 | Mostly non-residential, data from 2011 Census (National Institute of Statistics - INE) |
| Slovak Republic | 28,073 | Database of TSUS (until 2011), official statistics for the period of 2011-2019 + estimate |
| Slovenia | 23,493,000 m2 | Long-Term Strategy for Mobilising Investments in the ENERGY RENOVATION OF BUILDINGS until 2050 (2021) |
| Sweden | Approx. 110,000 | Estimated total |
| UK – England | 1,953,380 in England* | (*) Estimated based on: Non-domestic rating: stock of properties including business floorspace, 2019. Table SC1.0, Valuation Office Agency (Nov 2019). |
| UK – Wales | 119,680 in Wales* | (*) Estimated based on: Non-domestic rating: stock of properties including business floorspace, 2019. Table SC1.0, Valuation Office Agency (Nov 2019). |
UK – Northern Ireland |
74,030 in Northern Ireland* |
(*) Non-domestic Valuation List Summary 2020-2021, June 2020, Northern Ireland Government. https://www.finance-ni.gov.uk/publications/summary-valuation-lists |
UK – Scotland |
196,000* non-domestic buildings in Scotland (estimated) |
(*) Scotland's non-domestic energy efficiency baseline: report, Scottish Government, December 2018. Available at: https://www.gov.scot/publications/scotlands-non-domestic-energy-efficiency-baseline/ |
01.05 |
If possible, share of public buildings included in the number given in 01.04 |
Comments |
|---|---|---|
Austria |
no data available |
- |
Belgium – Brussels Capital Region |
630 | Numbers in 2019 https://statbel.fgov.be/fr/themes/construction-logement/occupation-du-sol-selon-le-registre-cadastral#figures |
| Belgium – Flemish Region | Data not available | |
| Belgium – Walloon Region | +/- 31,700 buildings | |
| Bulgaria | Not available | |
| Croatia | 64% | Long Term Strategy for Mobilising Investment in the Renovation of the National Building Stock of the Republic of Croatia |
| Cyprus | 1,000 | More details can be found in the Long-Term Renovation Strategy. |
| Czech Republic | 19.2% | Source: Czech Republic’s LTRS |
Denmark |
84,582 |
Statistical year 2019 (www.dst.dk) |
| Estonia | 1.1% (4,711 buildings) | Entertainment, educational, health and other public buildings |
Finland |
32,767 |
Statistical Yearbook of Finland, 2019, Statistics Finland, includes only public service buildings (institutional buildings, buildings for assembly and educational buildings) (Number of buildings at the end of 2018) |
| France | ||
| Germany | 175,000 | Dena, 2018 |
Greece |
34,958, which account for 12.8% of the number indicated in 01.04 | The number indicated here concerns buildings where the owner is a public authority and their use is one of the following: hotel, school, office/commercial, hospital. (Source: Hellenic Statistical Authority, census 2011). |
| Hungary | 22,990 | Total number based on consultant’s estimation |
| Ireland | 10,000 buildings in public sector | |
| Italy | 5.4% | Only for schools, offices, hospital facilities and prisons (the figure could be underestimated) Source: CRESME 2018 + Draft LTRS |
| Republic of Latvia | 32,825 (27.29 x106 m2) | Information from the National Real Estate Cadastre Information System (1 January 2017) There are no separate statistics for public buildings and commercial buildings. |
| Luxembourg | Approx. 34%-44% (in 2020) | LTRS 2020 |
| Malta | Exact number is not known. The total floor area is estimated at 518,500 m2. | |
| The Netherlands | Approximately 35,000 non-residential municipal buildings (including schools). | (sources: RVO, Kadaster) |
Norway |
N/A |
No definition available |
| Poland | Not available | |
| Portugal | (no information available) | |
| Slovak Republic | 15,532 | Database of TSUS + estimate (official statistics only for 2017-2019) |
| Slovenia | 9,707,000 m2 | Long-Term Strategy for Mobilising Investments in the ENERGY RENOVATION OF BUILDINGS until 2050 (2021) |
| Sweden | ||
| UK – England | Not available | |
| UK – Wales | Not available | |
UK – Northern Ireland |
Not available |
|
UK – Scotland |
Not available |
Recorded data do not differentiate between buildings occupied by public authorities and other buildings. |
01.06 |
If possible, share of commercial buildings included in the number given in 01.04 |
Comments |
|---|---|---|
Austria |
2011: 36,334 |
Statistical yearbook 2017, Chapter12 “Wohnen, Tabelle 12.05”, Statistics Austria |
Belgium – Brussels Capital Region |
15,887 | Numbers in 2019 https://statbel.fgov.be/en/themes/housing/building-stock#figures |
| Belgium – Flemish Region | 76,141 | Source: Land register (2020) |
| Belgium – Walloon Region | +/- 19,400 buildings | |
| Bulgaria | Not available | |
| Croatia | 36% | Long Term Strategy for Mobilising Investment in the Renovation of the National Building Stock of the Republic of Croatia |
| Cyprus | 29,000 | |
| Czech Republic | 80.8% | Source: Czech Republic’s LTRS |
Denmark |
686,707 | Statistical year 2019 (www.dst.dk) |
| Estonia | 2.2% (9,118 buildings) | Office and Retail & Service |
Finland |
134,034 | Statistical Yearbook of Finland, 2019, Statistics Finland, includes shop buildings, office buildings, industrial buildings, and warehouses. (Number of buildings at the end of 2018) |
| France | ||
| Germany | undocumented | |
Greece |
206,254 buildings characterised as office/ commercial buildings (153,510 + 52,744). The first number accounts for single-use buildings, while the second number accounts for buildings with mixed use where the prevailing use is office/ commercial. It accounts for 75% of the number indicated in 01.04. |
Source: Hellenic Statistical Authority. |
| Hungary | 220,149 | Total number Source: Hungarian Central Statistical Office, 2005 |
| Ireland | 109,000 commercial buildings | |
| Italy | 16% | CRESME 2018 + National Trade Observatory 2018 |
| Republic of Latvia | 32,825 (27.29 x106 m2) | Information from the National Real Estate Cadastre Information System (1 January 2017) There are no separate statistics for public buildings and commercial buildings. |
| Luxembourg | Approx. 56%-66% (in 2020) | LTRS 2020 |
| Malta | 7,800 dwellings, 1,100 manufacturing, warehouse, retail, hotels and office buildings (development permits issued for construction or renovation) | |
| The Netherlands | Non-residential building, function meetings: 62,111 Non-residential building, function cell (detention): 58 Non-residential building, function health care: 22,816 Non-residential building, function industry: 198,951 Non-residential building, function office: 96,258 Non-residential building, function accommodation: 125,117 Non-residential building, function education: 13,870 Non-residential building, function sports: 9,708 Non-residential building, function commercial: 129,198 Non-residential building with other function: 439,881 Non-residential building with multiple functions: 49,532 |
(Total) Statistics Netherlands (www.cbs.nl) |
Norway |
N/A | No definition available |
| Poland | Not available | |
| Portugal | (no information available) | |
| Slovak Republic | 5,556 | Estimate (official statistics only for 2017-2019) |
| Slovenia | 13,786,000 m2 | Long-Term Strategy for Mobilising Investments in the ENERGY RENOVATION OF BUILDINGS until 2050 (2021) |
| Sweden | ||
| UK – England | 487,810 retail premises in England* | (*) Estimated based on: Non-domestic rating: stock of properties including business floorspace, 2019. Table SC1.0 Valuation Office Agency (Nov 2019). |
| UK – Wales | 29,470 retail premises in Wales* | (*) Estimated based on: Non-domestic rating: stock of properties including business floorspace, 2019. Table SC1.0 Valuation Office Agency (Nov 2019). |
UK – Northern Ireland |
Not available | |
| UK – Scotland | Retail and financial premises account for 32% of the 196,000 non-domestic buildings outlined in 01.04*. This is approximately 62,000 premises. A further breakdown of these figures is not available. | (*) Scotland's non-domestic energy efficiency baseline: report, Scottish Government, December 2018. Available at: https://www.gov.scot/publications/scotlands-non-domestic-energy-efficiency-baseline/ |
01.07 |
Number of buildings constructed per year (estimate) |
Comments |
|---|---|---|
Austria |
2011: 2,290,858 (1) 2001: 2,046,712 (2) 2001-2011: ≈24,415 per year |
(1) Statistical yearbook 2017, Chapter12 “Wohnen Tabelle 12.04”, Statistics Austria (2) Statistical yearbook 2011, Chapter12 “Wohnen, Tabelle 12.04”, Statistics Austria |
Belgium – Brussels Capital Region |
204 | Average over 2011-2019 https://statbel.fgov.be/en/themes/housing/building-stock#figures |
| Belgium – Flemish Region | ± 29,000 building units Mean value of last years. Based on new building units rather than on building level. |
Source: database of final declarations (EPB) Covers residential, non-residential and industry units |
| Belgium – Walloon Region | +/- 8,100 buildings | |
| Bulgaria | Average number of newly constructed buildings for the period 2017-2019 is 6,088 buildings per annum. | Source: National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria |
| Croatia |
Number of finished buildings |
Croatian Bureau of Statistics |
| Cyprus | 7,218 | The number of building permits issued in 2019 |
| Czech Republic | 14,901 | Average over the period 2012-2018 |
| Denmark | 28,245 |
Statistical year 2019 (www.dst.dk) |
| Estonia | ~5,000 | Construction permits (2020) |
| Finland | 36,148 |
Statistical Yearbook of Finland, 2019, Statistics Finland, completed buildings and dwellings. (Number of buildings at the end of 2018) Yearly average based on 2016-2018 (residential buildings are calculated by number of dwellings/apartments). |
| France | ||
| Germany | 145,016 (2018) 146,012 (2017) 154,258 (2016) |
Average over last 2 years: 145,514 Number of building permits for construction of new (source: destatis) |
Greece |
|
|
| Hungary | approximately 28,000 | Highest number in the last decade Source: Hungarian Central Statistical Office, 2020 |
| Ireland | New house and apartment completions in 2019 were 21,241 | |
| Italy | Not available. Building permits for 2018: 17.36x106 m2 |
ISTAT, Building Permits 2020 |
| Republic of Latvia | New residential buildings built (x103 m2 total area) 2018 – 455 |
Central Statistical Bureau |
| Luxembourg | Approx. 900,000 m2/year | |
| Malta | Circa 9,000-10,000 | |
| The Netherlands | 70,700 residential buildings in 2019; approximately 61,000 residential buildings per year over the last five years. 10,400 non-residential buildings in 2019; approximately 8,000 non-residential buildings per year over the last five years. |
Statistics Netherlands (www.cbs.nl) |
| Norway | 40,000 | Statistics Norway (https://www.ssb.no/bygg-bolig-og-eiendom/statistikker/byggeareal/kvartal). Estimate 2017-2020. |
| Poland | Data from 2018: 102,796 | Source: Central Statistical Office |
| Portugal | 14,788 | Average of last 3 years Data from the National Statistics Institute - INE, reference 31/12/2018 |
| Slovak Republic | 12,855 | Official statistics and estimate |
| Slovenia | 8,577 | Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, average 2018-2019 |
| Sweden | Approx. 5,000 buildings Building permit applications statistics: 2019: 10,600 2020: 10,550 2021: 14,500 |
Rough estimate relevant for 2016 |
| UK – England | Residential: see 01.08 Non-residential: not identified |
|
| UK – Wales | Residential: see 01.08 Non-residential: not identified |
|
| UK – Northern Ireland | Domestic: see 01.08 Non-domestic: not identified |
|
| UK – Scotland | Domestic: See 01.08 Non-domestic: See 01.09 |
01.08 |
If possible, share of residential buildings constructed per year (estimate, included in the number given in 01.07) |
Comments |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Austria |
2011: 1,978,794 (1) 2001: 1,764,455 (2) 2001-2011: ≈21,434 per year |
(1) Statistical yearbook 2017, Chapter12 “Wohnen Tabelle 12.04”, Statistics Austria (2) Statistical yearbook 2011, Chapter12 “Wohnen, Tabelle 12.04”, Statistics Austria |
||||||||
| Belgium – Brussels Capital Region | 87.6% | Average over 2011-2019 https://statbel.fgov.be/en/themes/housing/building-stock#figures |
||||||||
| Belgium – Flemish Region | 94% building units Analysis of the data in the EPB-database |
Source: database of final declarations (EPB) | ||||||||
| Belgium – Walloon Region | +/- 6,800 buildings | |||||||||
| Bulgaria | Average number of newly constructed residential buildings for the period 2017-2019 is 2,527 residential buildings per annum. | Source: National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria | ||||||||
| Croatia | 79% in 2016 74% in 2017 77% in 2018 78% in 2019 |
Croatian Bureau of Statistics | ||||||||
| Cyprus | 5,179 | The number of building permits issued in 2019 | ||||||||
| Czech Republic | 91% | Based on the average of buildings constructed between 2012 and 2018 | ||||||||
Denmark |
- |
|||||||||
| Estonia | ~50% | Construction permits (2020) | ||||||||
Finland |
98% or 35,514 |
Statistical Yearbook of Finland, 2019, Statistics Finland, completed buildings and dwellings. (Number of buildings at the end of 2018) Yearly average based on 2016-2018 (residential buildings are calculated by number of dwellings/apartments). |
||||||||
| France | 400,000 housings | |||||||||
| Germany | Approx. 117,869 (2018) 119,060 (2017) 125,157 (2016) |
Average over last 2 years: 118,464 Number of building permits for residential new buildings (source: destatis) |
||||||||
Greece |
The numbers given here refer to dwellings, not buildings and can thus not be given as a share of the figures indicated in 01.07.
|
Source: Hellenic Statistical Authority – Building Activity | ||||||||
| Hungary | 63% | Source: Hungarian Central Statistical Office, 2020 | ||||||||
| Ireland | New house and apartment completions in 2019 were 21,241 | |||||||||
| Italy | Not available. Building permits for 2018: 4.73x106 m2 |
ISTAT, Building Permits 2020 | ||||||||
| Republic of Latvia | Data is not available | |||||||||
| Luxembourg | Approx. 78% | |||||||||
| Malta | 80-85% | |||||||||
| The Netherlands | 87% In 2015, there were 55,600 applications for permits for new residential buildings; approximately 48,400 were completed. In 2016, there were 53,600 applications for permits and 54,800 residential buildings completed. In 2017: 69,700 applications, 63,000 completed. In 2018: 70,000 applications, 66,600 completed. In 2019, there were 57,400 applications for permits and 70,700 residential buildings completed. |
Statistics Netherlands (www.cbs.nl) | ||||||||
| Norway | 90% | Estimate by NVE | ||||||||
| Poland | Data from 2018: 79,295 | Source: Central Statistical Office | ||||||||
| Portugal | 10,949 residential buildings - 74% | Average of the last 3 years; data from the National Statistics Institute - INE, reference 31/12/2018 | ||||||||
| Slovak Republic | 12,520 | Estimate based on statistic data | ||||||||
| Slovenia | 2,501 | Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, average 2018-2019 | ||||||||
| Sweden | 63,000 dwellings approx. 4,000 buildings Single-family houses approx. 7,000 dwellings/year Residential apartment buildings approx. 27,000 dwellings/year |
|||||||||
| UK – England | New build completions (England)*: 2016-17P 183,570 2017-18P 195,290 2018-19P 213,860 P Figure provisional and subject to revision. |
(*) Estimated based on: Housing supply; net additional dwellings, England: 2018-19, MHCLG (Dec 2019) |
||||||||
| UK – Wales | New residential building completions (Wales)*: 2018-19 5,777 2017-18 6,663 2016-17 6,833 |
(*) New dwellings completed by period and tenure, StatsWales: Welsh Government (March 2020). |
||||||||
| UK – Northern Ireland | New build domestic completions (Northern Ireland)*: 2016-17: 6,461 2017-18: 7,096 2018-19: 7,809 |
(*) Northern Ireland Housing Statistics 2018-19 (Section 1): Table 1.7. Building control new dwelling completions by development type 2010-20191, December 2019, Department for Communities https://www.communities-ni.gov.uk/publications/northern-ireland-housing-statistics-2018-19 |
||||||||
| UK – Scotland | New domestic building completions (Scotland)*: 2016-2017: 17,201 2017-2018: 17,623 2018-2019: 21,292 |
(*) Housing Statistics for Scotland 2019: Key Trends Summary, Scottish Government, September 2019. Available at: https://www.gov.scot/publications/housing-statistics-scotland-2019-key-trends-summary/ |
01.09 |
If possible, share of non-residential buildings constructed per year (estimate, included in the number given in 01.07) |
Comments |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Austria |
2011: 312,064 (1) 2001: 282,257 (2) 2001-2011: ≈2,981 per year |
(1) Statistical yearbook 2017, Chapter12 “Wohnen Tabelle 12.04”, Statistics Austria (2) Statistical yearbook 2011, Chapter12 “Wohnen, Tabelle 12.04”, Statistics Austria |
||||||||
| Belgium – Brussels Capital Region | 12.4 | Average over 2013-2015 (240 residential + 30 non-residential) http://statbel.fgov.be/en/statistics/figures/ |
||||||||
| Belgium – Flemish Region | 5% building units Analysis of the data in the EPB-database |
Source: database of final declarations (EPB) The remaining 1% of building units concerns industry units |
||||||||
| Belgium – Walloon Region | +/- 1,300 buildings | |||||||||
| Bulgaria | Average number of newly constructed non-residential buildings for the period 2017-2019 is 3,561 non-residential buildings per annum. | Source: National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria | ||||||||
| Croatia | 21% in 2016 26% in 2017 23% in 2018 78% in 2019 |
Croatian Bureau of Statistics | ||||||||
| Cyprus | 1,121 | The number of building permits issued in 2019 | ||||||||
| Czech Republic | 9% | Based on the average of buildings constructed between 2012 and 2018 | ||||||||
Denmark |
- |
Statistics Netherlands (www.cbs.nl) |
||||||||
| Estonia | ~50% | Construction permits (2020) | ||||||||
| Finland | 2% or 499 | Statistical Yearbook of Finland, 2019, Statistics Finland, completed buildings and dwellings. (Number of buildings at the end of 2018) Yearly average based on 2016-2018 |
||||||||
| France | 26.5 Mm² initiated | |||||||||
| Germany | 27,147 (2018) 26,952 (2017) 29,101(2016) 26,533 (2015) |
Average over last 4 years: 27,433 Number of building permits for new buildings (source: destatis) |
||||||||
Greece |
The numbers given here do not exclusively include new constructed commercial buildings but can also include permits for establishing a new commercial use for an existing building or additions to existing buildings, etc. Thus, they cannot be given as a share of the numbers indicated in 01.07.
|
Source: Hellenic Statistical Authority – Building Activity | ||||||||
| Hungary | 37% | Source: Hungarian Central Statistical Office, 2020 | ||||||||
| Ireland | Construction activity indicators available from www.cso.ie | |||||||||
| Italy | Not available. Building permits for 2018: 12.63x106 m2 |
ISTAT, Building Permits 2020 | ||||||||
| Republic of Latvia | ||||||||||
| Luxembourg | Approx. 22% | |||||||||
| Malta | 15-20% | |||||||||
| The Netherlands | 13% In 2015, there were 2,700 applications for permits for new non-residential buildings, approximately 6,300 were completed. A permit may apply to multiple buildings. In 2016, there were 2,700 applications for permits and 6,900 non-residential buildings completed. In 2017: 3,200 applications, 7,400 completed. In 2018: 3,400 applications, 9,500 completed. In 2019, there were 3,100 applications for permits and 10,400 non-residential buildings completed. |
Statistics Netherlands (www.cbs.nl) |
||||||||
| Norway | 10% | Estimate by NVE | ||||||||
| Poland | Data from 2018: 23,501 | Source: Central Statistical Office | ||||||||
| Portugal | (no information available) | |||||||||
| Slovak Republic | 332 | Estimated and official statistics | ||||||||
| Slovenia | 6,076 | Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, average 2018-2019 | ||||||||
| Sweden | ||||||||||
| UK – England | Not identified | |||||||||
| UK – Wales | Not identified | |||||||||
| UK – Northern Ireland | Not identified | |||||||||
| UK – Scotland | New non-domestic building completions (Scotland): 2019: 211 2018: 438 2017: 324 |
Statistical data is not published, but has been derived from EPC dataset published at: https://statistics.gov.scot/data/non-domestic-energy-performance-certificates |
01.10 |
Useful floor area of buildings constructed per year in million square meters (estimate) |
Comments |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Austria |
2011: 6,751,443 m² residential (1)(2)(3) 2011: 1,623,084 m² non-residential (1)(2)(3) |
(1) Statistical yearbook 2017, Chapter12 “Wohnen Tabelle 12.04”, Statistics Austria (2) Statistical yearbook 2011, Chapter12 “Wohnen, Tabelle 12.04”, Statistics Austria (3) Overview of the results – “Wohnungsgröße, MZ, 19.3.2015”, Statistics Austria |
||||||||
Belgium – Brussels Capital Region |
/ | |||||||||
| Belgium – Flemish Region | 4.2 million m²/year Only residential building units + gross floor area instead of useful floor area |
Estimated by multiplying the mean gross floor area (± 158 m²) of residential building units with the number of residential building units (94% of 29,000) | ||||||||
| Belgium – Walloon Region | +/- 3 Mm² | |||||||||
| Bulgaria | Average gross building area of newly constructed buildings for the period 2017-2019 is 4,004 x 106 m2 per annum, including:
|
Source: National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria | ||||||||
| Croatia |
Useful floor area m2 |
Croatian Bureau of Statistics | ||||||||
| Cyprus | 2.56 | Based on the building permits building permits issued in 2019 | ||||||||
| Czech Republic | 3.03 | Based on the average of buildings constructed between 2012 and 2018 | ||||||||
| Denmark | 6,69 Mm2 | Statistical year 2019 (www.dst.dk) | ||||||||
| Estonia | ~2.05 | Construction permits (2020) | ||||||||
| Finland | Not available. Only building volume (m3) is recorded. Yearly average building volume of all completed buildings (residential and non-residential) is 36 Million m3. | Statistical Yearbook of Finland, 2019, Statistics Finland, completed buildings. (Number of buildings at the end of 2018) Yearly average based on 2016-2018. |
||||||||
| France | 62 million m²/year | |||||||||
| Germany | 31,547 (2019) 30,589 (2018) 30,377 (2017) 31,805 (2016) 28,510 (2015) living space only |
Average over last 3 years: 28,938 No data available for total constructed floor area (source: destatis) |
||||||||
Greece |
The numbers given in 01.07 for newly constructed buildings in terms of useful floor area are given in the table below:
|
Source: Hellenic Statistical Authority – Building Activity | ||||||||
| Hungary | 6.62 | Source: Hungarian Central Statistical Office, 2020 | ||||||||
| Ireland | Construction activity indicators available from www.cso.ie | |||||||||
| Italy | 17,365,028 m2 | ISTAT, Building Permits 2020 | ||||||||
| Republic of Latvia | 2019 – 1,236 M m2 | New buildings together, e.g., one-apartment houses, two- or more-apartment houses, dwellings of various social groups, hotels and similar buildings, office buildings, wholesale and retail buildings, traffic and communication buildings, industrial production buildings and warehouses, entertainment, educational or healthcare buildings, other non-residential buildings | ||||||||
| Luxembourg | Approx. 0.9 Million m2/year | |||||||||
| Malta | Not Known; data not divided between completely new, extensions of existing, renovation of existing and structural alterations to existing or change of use of existing or any combination of these | |||||||||
| The Netherlands | Residential buildings: 8.2 million m2 Non-residential buildings: not available |
|||||||||
| Norway | 9.2 million m2 (2020) | Statistics Norway (https://www.ssb.no/bygg-bolig-og-eiendom/statistikker/byggeareal/aar) | ||||||||
| Poland | Data from 2019:
TOTAL – 34.70 Mm2 |
|||||||||
| Portugal | 4,858 million | Average of the last 3 years (2018, 2017, 2016); data from the National Institute of Statistics - INE | ||||||||
| Slovak Republic | 2,000,000 | Average from statistics + estimate | ||||||||
| Slovenia | 1.8 million m2 | Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, average 2018-2019 | ||||||||
| Sweden | 8.8 million m2 on average. Building permit applications statistics: 2019: 8 million m2 2020: 8 million m2 2021: 10 million m2 |
www.scb.se | ||||||||
| UK – England | Floor areas of residential buildings constructed per year (England)*: Floor areas of non-residential buildings constructed per year (England)^: |
(*) Live Table NB3, published quarterly statistics on Energy Performance of Buildings Certificates in England and Wales: (^) Live Table A, published quarterly statistics on Energy Performance of Buildings Certificates in England and Wales |
||||||||
| UK – Wales | Floor areas of residential buildings constructed per year (Wales)*: Floor areas of non-residential buildings constructed per year (Wales)^: |
(*) Live Table NB3, published quarterly statistics on Energy Performance of Buildings Certificates in England and Wales (^) Live Table A, published quarterly statistics on Energy Performance of Buildings Certificates in England and Wales |
||||||||
| UK – Northern Ireland | Total for domestic and non-domestic: |
(*) Department of Finance, 2020. This data has not been published previously. | ||||||||
| UK – Scotland | New domestic building completions (Scotland): 2019: 2.3 2018: 1.9 2017: 1.5 New non-domestic building completions (Scotland): 2019: 0.69 2018: 0.76 2017: 0.73 |
Statistical data is not published but has been derived from EPC datasets published at: Domestic: https://statistics.gov.scot/data/domestic-energy-performance-certificates Non-domestic: https://statistics.gov.scot/data/non-domestic-energy-performance-certificates |
