Key Indicators & Decisions (KI&Ds) – EXISTING BUILDINGS

Austria

No

NZEB for Existing Buildings not required by Article 9 of 2010/31/EU

Belgium – Brussels Capital Region 

Deep renovations (in this context): large new or rebuilt building volumes > 800 m³ or containing a new residential unit.

‘Deep renovations’ as described in 2.II.i will meet the NZEB target E60 (see 03.03) for existing buildings in the near future.

Maximum U-values for all renovations are the same as the requirements for new buildings.

According to (EU) 2016/1318 2.5, 'Refurbishment into NZEB' means a refurbishment of a magnitude that allows the energy performance requirements of a NZEB level to be met.

Thus, the level of NZEB is found in the Building Regulations 2018 (BR18) § 259 for residential buildings and § 260 for non-residential buildings.

Greece

(Regulations No.383, point 17., requirements for NZEB)

17. A building shall be classified as a nearly-zero energy building, if it meets all of the following requirements:

17.1. building energy performance indicator corresponds to Class A by concurrently ensuring conformity of indoor climatic conditions with the requirements of the laws and regulations in the field of construction, hygiene and labour protection;

17.2. the total primary energy consumption for heating, hot water supply, mechanical ventilation, cooling, lighting accounts for no more than 95 kWh per square meter per year;

17.3. high-efficiency systems are used in the building, which:

17.3.1 ensure recovery of no less than 75% of the ventilation heat loss during the heating season;

17.3.2. ensure at least partial use of renewable energy;

17.4. there is no fossil fuel heating equipment installed in the building.

Austria

No

NZEB for Existing Buildings not required by Article 9 of 2010/31/EU

Belgium – Brussels Capital Region 

Greece

Austria

N/A

NZEB for Existing Buildings not required by Article 9 of 2010/31/EU

Belgium – Brussels Capital Region 

In 2050, existing residential buildings should be as efficient as a new building in 2016

Two possibilities:

• Package of measures: maximal U-values for the components of the building envelope (roof, walls and floors U_max=0.24 W/m².K, doors Umax=2 W/m².K, windows 1.5 W/m².K, and glass U_max=1.0 W/m².K) + minimal standards for heating installations (highly energy efficient installation, cogeneration, heat pump, district heating or electrical heating of max 15 kW)
• Energy performance score E60 of 100 kWh/m²

1. Package of measure: additional to requirements, awareness raising in communication on proper ventilation, airtightness and solar protection
2. Energy performance score: next to E-level, information on the performance of the envelope (S-level)

Greece

Not applicable

Primary energy

95 kWh/m² (single-family)

90 kWh/m² (multi-family)

and 50% RES

Austria

N/A

NZEB for Existing Buildings not required by Article 9 of 2010/31/EU

Belgium – Brussels Capital Region 

Greece

Not applicable

Austria

f_GEE ≤ 1.00

See “National plan” dated February2018

f_GEE = relation between final energy demand of the building and final energy demand of the corresponding reference building

Belgium – Brussels Capital Region 

For renovations with a less than 75% change in the envelope and replacement of all technical installations:

U-value requirement (Annex XIV): (Table 3)

Ventilation rate:

• Residential (Annex XIX)
• Non-residential (Annex XX)

Definition for units considered as new:

A greater than 75% change in the envelope and replacement of all technical installations

Requirements:

U-value requirement (Annex XIV) (Table 3)

Ventilation rate (Annexes XIX & XX)

Net Heating Requirement (for residential buildings only): 1.2 * max (15; X) kWh/m².year

Primary Energy Requirement (for residential and non-residential buildings): Same as new buildings with the PEC_max level requirement multiplied by 1.2

Major renovation (as in EPBD) can be:

• Renovation equivalent to new buildings: see above
• Major energy renovation (75% of the envelope + replacement of the installations): E70
• Renovation: no E-level, but requirements on renovated building parts and renovated systems

Combination of energy performance indicators must be fulfilled by either:

• primary energy and average U-value or

• total delivered energy per year and average U-value or

• U-value of each construction element within the system boundary and energy efficiency of the technical building systems

BR18:

• Energy demand in relation to conversions and replacement of building parts § 274 – 279
• Renovation classes for existing buildings § 280 – 282

There are different formulae to be applied for calculating the building's specific total energy consumption requirement (E-value, kWh/m²), when the design and execution of the improvements in the building's energy efficiency are based on reducing energy consumption in the building's standard use (alternative 3):

1) Single-family homes, row and chain houses, small apartment buildings: E-required ≤ 0.8 x E-calculated

2) Apartment buildings: E-required ≤ 0.85 x E-calculated

3) Office buildings: E-required ≤ 0.7 x E-calculated

4) Education buildings: E-required ≤ 0.8 x E-calculated

5) Day care centre: E-required ≤ 0.8 x E-calculated

6) Commercial buildings: E-required ≤ 0.7 x E-calculated

7) Commercial accommodation buildings: E-required ≤ 0.7 x E-calculated

8) Sports halls, does not apply to indoor ice rinks and swimming pools: E-required ≤ 0.8 x E-calculated

9) Hospitals: E-required ≤ 0.8 x E-calculated

10) Other buildings: sections 4 and 7 to be applied

Yes, 140% of the performance requirements of the reference building

Overall requirement as alternative option, only in cases of relevant major renovations

There are two options by which the requirements can be met:

1. By meeting the requirements for renovated building elements
2. By meeting 140% of the performance requirements for a new building (status 2014)

The requirements for the building stock consist of conditional requirements in case of relevant refurbishments, some mandatory update requirements to be met without any triggering measures, and requirements in case of extensions.

Greece

See 2.1 and 2.2.

Major renovation: if min. 25% of the building shell area is subject to energy retrofit.

According to decree 26.06.2015, the requirements in case of major renovation are structured as follows:

First-level major renovation: same requirements as new buildings (see 02.02)

Second-level major renovation:

• U-value of the concerned surfaces lower than the limit values 

• H'T mean transmission heat transfer coefficient of refurbished building elements lower that the limit value.

• Mean efficiencies of renovated technical systems higher than reference values.

First- and second-level major renovations are defined as follows:

First-level major renovation: 'refurbishment of at least 50% of the envelope and renovation of the heating and/or cooling plant of the entire building'.

Second-level major renovation: 'refurbishment of at least 25% of the external surfaces of the building with or without renovation of the heating and/or cooling plant'.

For U limit values - see Table 6

For H'T limit values – see Table 4

For mean efficiencies limit values - see Table 3

E.g., all elements have a maximum U-value; glazing is limited according to orientation to limit overheating.

Four categories/situations can be differentiated in regard to renovation:

1. Renovation: this shall refer to the partial renovation, renewal, or alteration, or expansion of a building. Article 5.6 Building Code, paragraph 1: The legally obtained level shall apply to thermal insulation with Rc = 1.3 m²K/W as the lower bound. The legally obtained level also applies to the airflow rate.
2. Renovation by renewing or replacing insulation layers. Article 5.6 Building code, paragraph 2: Thermal insulation Rc at least 2.5 m²K/W for floor / 1.3 m²K/W for façade / 2,0 m²K/W for roof. Umax. = 2.2 W/m²K on average regarding windows, doors, etc., or the legally obtained level if this provides better energy performance.
3. Major renovation and/or the total construction or entire renovation of a dormer or of a corresponding construction as referred to in Annex II of the Environmental Law Decree. Article 5.6, paragraph 3 Thermal insulation (see table 5.1 of the Building Code: Rc at least 3.5 m²K/W for floor / 4.5 m²K/W for façade)
4. Renovation with modifications to the technical building system: a (partial) renovation, modification or expansion of the technical building system (read: the technical equipment). Article 6.55 Building code, table 6.55, system efficiencies (as of 10 March 2020)

See above. In general, when measures are applied to existing buildings the same requirements are used as for new buildings. This includes extensions, additions, underpinning, change of use, etc.

___

The local authorities can give exemptions from the requirements under certain conditions. This applies to necessary remodelling, renovation and change of use, and in cases when for example the requirements will be unreasonable compared to the energy savings the measures will provide.

Building Regulations are supported by Approved Documents, which set out an elemental approach for existing buildings, and “Domestic and Non‐domestic Building Services Compliance Guides” which include minimum energy efficiency standards for new and replacement of existing building systems.

Under certain circumstances additional energy efficiency measures (named “consequential improvements”) must be undertaken.

Building Regulations are supported by Technical Booklets*, which set out an elemental approach for existing buildings, and by “Domestic and Non‐domestic Building Services Compliance Guides”^ which include minimum energy efficiency standards for new and replacement of existing building systems.

Under certain circumstances additional energy efficiency measures (named “consequential improvements”) must be undertaken.

Domestic buildings:

(*) Technical Booklet F1, Conservation of fuel and power in dwellings, Department of Finance and Personnel, October 2012. Available at:

^{https://www.finance-ni.gov.uk/sites/default/files/publications/dfp/Technical-booklet-F1-Conservation%20of%20fuel%20and%20power%20in%20dwellings-October-2012.pdf}

(^) Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide, 2018. Available at:

^{https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/697525/DBSCG_secure.pdf}

Non-domestic buildings:

(*) Technical Booklet F2, Conservation of fuel and power in buildings other than dwellings, Department of Finance and Personnel, October 2012. Available at:

^{https://www.finance-ni.gov.uk/sites/default/files/publications/dfp/Technical-booklet-F2-Conservation-of-fuel-and-power-in-buildings-other-than-dwellings-October-2012.pdf}

(^) Non-domestic Building Services Compliance Guide, 2018. Available at:

^{https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/453973/non_domestic_building_services_compliance_guide.pdf}

Building Regulations apply to new works on existing buildings. Exceptions are detailed in the Technical Handbooks*.

Similarly to England, an elemental approach has been adopted for existing buildings.

In non‐domestic buildings, under certain circumstances, the existing services must be improved to meet the current performance recommendations in the Technical Handbook. This approach is referred to as “consequential improvements”.

(*) Domestic buildings:

Building Standards Technical Handbook 2019: domestic. Scottish Government, September 2019. Available at:

^{https://www.gov.scot/publications/building-standards-technical-handbook-2019-domestic/}

Non-domestic buildings:

Building Standards Technical Handbook 2019: non-domestic. Scottish Government, September 2019. Available at:

^{https://www.gov.scot/publications/building-standards-technical-handbook-2019-non-domestic/}

Austria

The renovation of individual parts has to follow a retrofit concept that has to be fixed in advance. The minimum requirement to be reached by the fully renovated building is f_GEE ≤ 0.95

See OIB Guideline 6:2019, clause 4.3.2

f_GEE = relation between final energy demand of the building and final energy demand of the corresponding reference building

Belgium – Brussels Capital Region 

U-value requirement (Annex XIV): (Table 3)

Ventilation rate:

• Residential (Annex XIX)
• Non-residential (Annex XX)

Same U_max values as for new buildings.

Partial ventilation flow rates in case of wall replacement and addition/replacement of windows

It is planned that every building will have an individual renovation roadmap with a Class A goal. The auditor performing the analysis must justify if Class A is not reachable and needs to stay as close as possible to Class A.

Works on individual building parts will have to be coherent with the roadmap.

0.4 W / m² K for walls

0.4 W / m² K for roofs and floors in contact with the external environment

2.9 W / m² K for windows

Energy efficiency requirements for each building element, see values in Table 5.

The following requirements for the technical systems of a building apply:

1) The amount of heat recovered from the exhaust air of building ventilation shall correspond to at least 45% of the amount of heat required for ventilation heating.

2) The specific electric power of a mechanical supply and exhaust air system shall not exceed 2.0 kW/(m³/s).

3) The specific electric power of a mechanical exhaust air system shall not exceed 1.0 kW/(m³/s).

4) The specific electric power of a ventilation system shall not exceed 2.5 kW/(m³/s).

5) When replacing equipment and systems, the efficiency of heating systems must be improved regarding the parts being replaced. After the replacement, the ratio between the efficiencies of the main heat production system of the building and the main heat distribution system of the premises shall be at least 0.8. The annual efficiency of the heat production system or the heat distribution system shall be at least 0.73. When the main replaced heating system of a building is a heat pump, the ratio of the Seasonal Performance Factor SPF[1] of the heat pump and the efficiency of the heat distribution system in the premises shall be at least 2.4. The specific electrical energy consumption of the accessories of a replaced heat distribution system shall be no more than 2.5 kWh/net m² (per heated net surface area).

6) When replacing water and/or sewage systems, the regulations on new construction shall apply.

[1] Where Coefficient of Performance (COP) gives us efficiency of a heat pump at any given time, Seasonal Performance Factor (SPF) gives us the same but for annual performance of the heat pump.

Examples for:

outer wall: U_max = 0.24 W/(m².K)

windows: U_max = 1.3 W/(m².K)

Minimum U-values are set depending on the element and for non-residential buildings the range of indoor temperature.

Greece

In case of minor renovation:

• U-value of the concerned surfaces lower than the limit values

• Mean efficiencies of renovated technical building systems higher than reference values.

Minor renovation is defined a 'refurbishment of less than 25% of the external surfaces of the building and/or modification of the heating and/or cooling plants'.

For U limit values - see Table 6

For mean efficiencies limit values - see Table 3

15.² Minimum permissible level of energy performance of buildings for buildings to be reconstructed or renovated:

15.² 1. for multi-apartment residential house – energy performance indicator for heating does not exceed 90 kWh per square meter per year;

15.² 2. for one-apartment and two-apartment residential buildings of different types – energy performance indicator for heating does not exceed 100 kWh per square meter per year;

15.² 3. for non-residential buildings – energy performance indicator for heating does not exceed 110 kWh per square meter per year.

For Offices and mixed-use buildings where use includes Offices this is
350 kWh/m² year.

All dwellings 140 kWh/m² year

___

Max U-value: exterior wall 0.22 W/(m²K)

Max U-value: roof 0.18 W/(m²K)

Max U-value: exposed floors 0.18 W/(m²K)

Max U-value: windows/doors 1.20 W/(m²K)

Minimum airtightness (Max air changes/hour at 50 Pa pressure difference) 1.5

The Slovak Republic is characterised by one climatic zone.

External wall U_max: 0.46; U_r1: 0.22

Roof               U_max: 0.30; U_r1: 0.15

Windows        U_max: 1.70; U_r1: 1.00

Same as for new buildings

Uwall = 0.28 W/m²K, Uroof = 0.20 W/m²K, Uwindows = 1.30 W/m²K

Tabell 9:92 U_i [W/m²K]

U_i [W/m²K]

U_tak 0.13 (roof)

U_vägg 0.18 (outer wall)

U_golv 0.15 (floor)

U_fönster 1.2 (window)

U_ytterdörr 1.2 (door)

(BFS 2011:26).

Tabell 9:95 Maximum values for SFP (specific fan power for one ventilation system) respectively

SFPv (Specific fan power for one unit)

SFP, [kW/(m³/s)] SFPv [kW/(m³/s)]

Exhaust and supply air ventilation with heat recovery 2.0

Exhaust and supply air ventilation without heat recovery 1.5

Exhaust air ventilation with heat recovery 1.0

Exhaust air ventilation 0.6

(BFS 2011:26).

Austria

N/A

Belgium – Brussels Capital Region 

Evolution to a yearly 3% renovation rate of residential buildings towards label A

(95,000 dwellings/year)

Greece

Target 2030:

• 0.8% for residential sector

• 4% for tertiary sector

Target 2050:

• 1.2% for residential sector

• 3.7% for tertiary sector

The built environment accounts for more than 30% of total energy consumption in the Netherlands. In order to achieve the long-term goals for energy and climate, it is therefore essential to make the national building stock more sustainable in the run-up to 2050. In line with the broader energy and climate policy of the Netherlands, the government will focus primarily on CO₂ reduction in making the built environment more sustainable. This means that CO₂ emission ceilings have been chosen and that progress will be measured in Mton CO₂.

For the built environment, this is 3.4 Mton of additional CO₂ reduction in 2030 compared to existing and planned policy. According to this indicative allocation, the maximum CO₂ emissions for the built environment in 2030 will be 15.3 Mton.

The Netherlands has no indicative allocation of CO₂ targets to sectors by 2050. That is why the indicative milestone was used for the built environment for 2050 as a direct translation of the general 95% CO₂ reduction target. A CO₂ reduction of 95% in the built environment in 2050 compared to 1990 is equivalent to a maximum emission of 1.5 Mton CO₂ equivalents. This is the indicative milestone that the Netherlands will use for 2050.

To determine the indicative milestone for the built environment for 2040, a linear decrease in greenhouse gas emissions is assumed between the indicative milestones for 2030 and 2050. The indicative milestone then amounts to a maximum emission of 8.4 Mton CO₂ equivalents.

The Netherlands emphasises that these are indicative objectives. In a next version of the National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP), these objectives can be adjusted downwards or upwards if developments (for example around the cost-effectiveness of the energy transition or innovation) give cause to do so.

The Portuguese Long Term Renovation Strategy has four (4) different renovation packages which apply according to the building need/performance:

• Package 1 - Improving the comfort and mitigating Energy Poverty through improvements in the building’s envelope:

- Up to 2030: 65% of existing dwellings (applies to the worst performing residential buildings built prior to 1990);

- Up to 2040: 100% of existing dwellings;

• Package 2.1 – Improving Energy Efficiency (lighting and equipment):

- Up to 2030: 65% of existing dwellings (applies to the worst performing residential buildings built prior to 1990) and 27% of non-residential buildings;
- Up to 2040: 100% of existing dwellings and 52% of non-residential buildings;
- Up to 2050: 100% of the existing building stock;

• Package 2.2 – Improving Energy Efficiency (HVAC systems):

- Up to 2030: 23% of existing dwellings (applies to the worst performing residential buildings built prior to 1990 which needs active systems to guarantee thermal comfort) and 27% of non-residential buildings;
- Up to 2040: 77% of existing dwellings and 52% of non-residential buildings;
- Up to 2050: 100% of the existing building stock;

• Package 3 – Local Decarbonisation (through RES such as solar thermal, PVs and heat pumps):

- Up to 2030: 23% of existing dwellings (applies to residential buildings that improved their systems) and 27% of non-residential buildings;
- Up to 2040: 75% of existing dwellings and 52% of non-residential buildings;
- Up to 2050: 100% of the existing building stock;

• Package 4 – Thermal Comfort improvement (through an increase of the availability and use of HVAC systems):

- Up to 2030: not expected to change significantly;
- Up to 2040: 65% of existing dwellings and 52% of non-residential buildings;
- Up to 2050: 100% of the existing building stock.

• Globally (meaning the implementation of at least one renovation package), these targets are as follows:

- Up to 2030: 69% of the existing building stock;
- Up to 2040: 99% of the existing building stock;
- Up to 2050: 100% of the existing building stock (all packages in all existing building stock).

Expected percentage of renovated buildings (apartment buildings, schools, offices) in 2020:

• 15-25% for buildings built up to 1980
• About 2% for buildings built after 1980

Austria

N/A

Belgium – Brussels Capital Region 

Final energy use residential:

• 2030: - 23%
• 2040: - 46%
• 2050: - 69%

Expected reduction of net heat energy consumption for residential buildings:

Residential and non-residential buildings total, heating energy consumption (gross) compared to 2020: 100% (2020), 78% (2030), 64% (2040) and 51% (2050).

Residential and non-residential buildings total, heating energy consumption (delivered energy) compared to 2020: 100% (2020), 70% (2030) 51% (2040), and 38% (2050).

Residential and non-residential buildings total, CO₂ emissions compared to 2020: 100% (2020), 37% (2030), 19% (2040), and 8% (2050).

According to the roadmap laid out in the Finnish LTRS, the reduction of energy consumption (gross) is 55%, compared to the heating energy consumption of buildings in 2005.

The heating energy consumption (gross) will be reduced by 50 % by 2050 compared to 2020.

The expected consumption of delivered heating energy will be reduced approximately by 60 % by 2050 compared to 2020.

The CO₂ emissions from the heating energy consumption of the building stock will be reduced by 92% in the period 2020-2050.

Greece

111 PJ reduction by 2030 for the whole building stock¹⁸

yearly 3% deep renovation of central govermental buildings¹⁵

0.33 Mtoe / year of final energy for residential sector

0.24 Mtoe / year of final energy for the tertiary sector

Republic of Latvia

Generally, the final energy saving potential is expected to total over 155,000 GWh. As a result, it will be possible to reduce over 46 million tonnes of CO₂ and almost 90 thousand tons of dust.

The estimated cumulative number of renovations will amount to 2.34 million by 2030, 4.98 million by 2040, and 7.21 million by 2050.

Primary Energy Reduction:

• Up to 2030: 11%
• Up to 2040: 27%
• Up to 2050: 34%

CO₂ Emissions Reduction:

• Up to 2030: 15%
• Up to 2040: 47%
• Up to 2050: 77%

Hours of Thermal Discomfort Reduction:

• Up to 2030: 26%
• Up to 2040: 34%
• Up to 2050: 56%

Expected energy efficiency 2020-2050 according to the reference scenario (purchased heat):

• Apartment buildings: -17.7%
• Schools: -13.6%
• Offices: - 3.4%<