Key Indicators & Decisions (KI&Ds) – ENERGY PERFORMANCE CERTIFICATES
04.01 |
Number of energy performance certificates per year (for instance average or values for of 3-5 years) |
Comment |
|---|---|---|
Austria |
- |
Due to the Austrian federal structure with 9 “Länder” and approximately 2,100 municipalities with a variety of responsible authorities and because of the fact that there is no obligation for a national energy certificate and inspection database, there is no data available. |
Belgium – Brussels Capital Region |
3,206 EPC/year for new building units 92 EPC/year for existing non-residential buildings 25,000 EPC’s/year for existing houses and apartments |
Average (2016-2019) |
| Belgium – Flemish Region | EPC residential buildings:
EPC Public buildings:
EPC new buildings: Residential:
Non-residential:
EPC after major energy renovation:
|
|
| Belgium – Walloon Region | 2019: 60,299 2018: 60,807 2017: 62,023 |
|
| Bulgaria | The total number of EPCs issued in 2017, 2018 and 2019 amounts respectively to 1,057,1,086 and 1,067. Remark: Only EPCs issued for the whole building are included into the above statistics. (An EPC can be issued for a building unit as well.) |
|
| Croatia |
Number of issued EPCs in 2015/2016 |
|
| Cyprus | 8,020 | The average of the last 5 years |
| Czech Republic | 2018 – 52,382 2019 – 54,444 2020 (for the time being) – 11,843 |
|
| Denmark | Approx. 61,000 across building categories. | See Table 3 |
| Estonia | ~3,200 | Calculated EPCs and EPCs based on measured energy consumption |
| Finland | 27,710 | Yearly average based on EPC database (2015-2019). |
| France | 1,300,000 | Average on 2016-2019 |
| Germany | 2017: 456,503 2018: 819,324 2019: 569,638 Average over three years: 615,155 |
In 2019, 12% of EPCs were issued for new residential buildings, 82% for existing residential buildings, 1% for new non-residential buildings and 4% for existing non-residential buildings. 2,984,554 EPCs were issued from May 2014 (start of registration) to December 2019. Data taken directly from the registration scheme |
Greece |
In 2019 alone, a total of 315,804 EPCs were issued; in 2018 a total of 303,672 EPCs were issued; in 2017 a total of 254,914 EPCs were issued. | |
| Hungary | approximately 165,000 | Based on year 2019. The number is continuously increasing since 2013 (start of electronic registration). |
| Ireland | ||
| Italy | 2019: around 1.1 x106 2016-2018: on average 1.22 x106 for year 2015: around 1.4x106 2014: 1.26x106 2013: 0.42x106 (+50% compared to the previous year) |
Source: ENEA Estimate (2015, 2020) and CTI (2013, 2014) For 2016 and 2017 estimates were made because the data is incomplete. Numbers look very different in years 2013-2015 and the average is not meaningful. |
| Republic of Latvia | 3,561 | Average of the last 3 years (2017 to 2019) |
| Luxembourg | Approx. 1,500 (only new buildings) | |
| Malta | 9,700 for 2016 11,000 in 2017 17,600 issued in 2018 13,700 issued in 2019 |
Around 93% relate to dwellings & 7% relate to non-dwellings. |
| The Netherlands | 560,000 on average per year. | Total number of residential buildings with a valid, registered ‘VEL’-label (Simplified energy label) since 1 January 2015: 1,193,232 (as of 31-12-2019). Total number of residential buildings with a valid, registered ‘Energy Index’-label since 1 January 2015: 1,611,186 (as of 31-12-2019). Note: double registrations for the same residential building are not taken into account in these numbers. |
| Norway | 125,000 (house/apartment/holiday house) 1,600 (non-residential) |
|
| Poland | 65,000 | |
| Portugal | Residential – 190,124 Non-residential – 22,316 |
From mainland and Madeira island database (3-year average from 2017 to 2019) |
| Slovak Republic | 17.801 (2019) 17.132 (2018) 15.896 (2017) For 2014-6: 35,142 family houses, 4,671 apartment buildings, 1,415 office buildings, 512 schools |
|
| Slovenia | 11,500 (average) | |
| Sweden | 85,000 EPCs average | |
| UK – England | England: Domestic EPCs (annual average 2017 - 2019): 1,318,362* Non-domestic EPCs (annual average 2017 - 2019): 82,687^ Non-domestic DECs (annual average 2017 - 2019): 33,015** |
Live tables on Energy Performance of Buildings Certificates, MHCLG, Table A1: Energy Performance Certificates for all properties by total floor area and type of property (*) & Table B: non-domestic Energy Performance Certificates by property group (^), January 2020. (**) Live Tables, published quarterly statistics on Energy Performance of Buildings Certificates in England and Wales: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/energy-performance-of-buildings-certificates-in-england-and-wales-2008-to-december-2019 |
| UK – Wales | Wales: Domestic EPCs (annual average 2017– 2019): 69,804 Non-domestic EPCs (annual average 2017 – 2019): 3,942 Non-domestic DECs (annual average 2017 – 2019): 2,018 |
Live tables on Energy Performance of Buildings Certificates, MHCLG, (*) Table D1: Domestic Energy Performance Certificates for all dwellings by energy efficiency rating, (^) Table A: Non-domestic Energy Performance Certificates by energy performance asset rating & (**) Table DEC1: Display Energy Certificates by local authority and energy performance operational rating, January 2020. |
| UK – Northern Ireland | Northern Ireland* Domestic EPCs (annual average 2009 – 2019): 43,894 Non-domestic EPCs & DECs (annual average 2009 – 2019): 3,556 |
(*) 2008 excluded as not a full year Please note that this data has not previously been published. |
| UK – Scotland | Scotland* Domestic EPCs: 241,580 Non-domestic EPCs: 6,847 |
(*) Average value per 12 months for five-year period April 2015 to March 2020 Data has been extracted from the Scottish Energy Performance Certificate Register (SEPCR). This data differs from the published data, which excludes historical lodgements. |
04.02 |
Number of EPCs since start of scheme |
Comment |
|---|---|---|
Austria |
- |
Due to the Austrian federal structure with 9 “Länder” and approximately 2100 municipalities with a variety of responsible authorities and because of the fact that there is no obligation for a national energy certificate and inspection database, there is no data available. |
Belgium – Brussels Capital Region |
180,070 of units with an EPC Residential unit:
Non-residential unit:
|
|
| Belgium – Flemish Region | EPC residential buildings:
EPC public buildings:
EPC new buildings:
EPC after major energy renovation:
|
EPC residential buildings: from September 2008 until December 2019 EPC public buildings: from December 2008 until December 2019 EPC new buildings: from January 2007 until December 2019 |
| Belgium – Walloon Region | By late 2019: existing residential buildings: 596,904 new residential buildings: 53,870 |
|
| Bulgaria | 10,987 EPCs from 2010 through 2019 Remark: Only EPCs issued for the whole building are included into the above statistics. (An EPC can be issued for a building unit as well.) |
|
| Croatia | EPCs for the period 2010-2020:
|
|
| Cyprus | 63,729 | |
| Czech Republic | 207,358 | Since the start of the database |
| Denmark | 794,000 | From September 2006 to March 2020 |
| Estonia | ~23,700 | |
| Finland | 138,548 | Number of EPCs since 1.5.2015 (When the national database was established) |
| France | 13,000,000 | |
| Germany | 2,984,254 (status end of 2019) | In 2019, 272,814 EPCs based on energy consumption and 296,824 EPCs based on energy demand were issued. On 1 May 2014, the new Energy Saving Ordinance came into force and implemented the registration of EPCs. Prior to that, EPCs were not registered in Germany. Data taken directly from the registration scheme |
Greece |
Until the end of 2019, a total of 1,815,232 EPCs have been issued according to the Energy Inspections Department. | |
| Hungary | approximately 1,100,000 | Number of EPCs issued before 2013 is unknown. |
| Ireland | 1,035,741 residential 61,843 non-residential |
|
| Italy | Over 9.9 x106 | ENEA estimate based on an inquiry in sample regions and on SIAPE data Start of the certification system at different times in the various regions (from 2007 onwards) |
| Republic of Latvia | ~ 14,000 | |
| Luxembourg | >20,000 | |
| Malta | 33,000 Same number of buildings since EPC is issued for building unit not whole building. |
Approximately 31,000 for dwellings, rest are non-dwellings. |
| The Netherlands | 2,804,418 | Total number of registered energy labels for residential buildings since 1 January 2015, as of the end of 2019: 2,804,418. |
| Norway | 1,200,000 (house/apartment/holiday house) 30,000 (non-residential) |
As of end 2020 |
| Poland | 330,000 | |
| Portugal | 1,798,012 million EPC issued 1,590,433 for residential buildings 207,579 for non-residential buildings, of which 15,625 refer to large buildings (>1,000 m2) |
Reference 31/12/2019 |
| Slovak Republic | 132,577 (10/2009 – 12/2019) | Issuing of EPCs started in 1 January 2008, but the obligation to register them started in 1 October 2009 due the revision of the Ministerial Decree. The number of issued EPCs during this period is missing from the total sum. |
| Slovenia | 73,250 | |
| Sweden | 680,000 (valid) + 280,000 (invalid, not yet renewed) | |
| UK – England | England: Domestic EPCs (total to December 2019): 19,022,418* Non-domestic EPCs (total to December 2019): 891,100^ Non-domestic DECs (total to December 2019): 368,420** |
Live tables on Energy Performance of Buildings Certificates, MHCLG, Table A1: Energy Performance Certificates for all properties by total floor area and type of property (*) & Table B: non-domestic Energy Performance Certificates by property group (^), January 2020. (**) Live Tables, published quarterly statistics on Energy Performance of Buildings Certificates in England and Wales: |
| UK – Wales | Wales: Domestic EPCs (total to December 2019): 1,029,685* Non-domestic EPCs (total to December 2016): 43,880^ |
Live tables on Energy Performance of Buildings Certificates, MHCLG, (*) Table D1: Domestic Energy Performance Certificates for all dwellings by energy efficiency rating, (^) Table A: Non-domestic Energy Performance Certificates by energy performance asset rating & (**) Table DEC1: Display Energy Certificates by local authority and energy performance operational rating, January 2020. |
| UK – Northern Ireland | Northern Ireland* Domestic EPCs (total to December 2019): 488,887 Non-domestic EPCs & DECs (total to December 2019): 38,856 |
(*) Department of Finance, 2017. Please note that this data has not previously been published. |
| UK – Scotland | Scotland* Domestic EPCs (total to December 2019): 2,510,202 Non-domestic EPCs (total to December 2019): 49,208 |
Please see 04.01. |
04.03 |
Number of EPCs for different building types |
Comment |
|---|---|---|
Austria |
||
Belgium – Brussels Capital Region |
||
| Belgium – Flemish Region | See 04.01 and 04.02 | |
| Belgium – Walloon Region | Residential buildings (new + existing): 650,774 | |
| Bulgaria |
|
|
| Croatia | ||
| Cyprus | 57,567 residential buildings 1,833 non-residential buildings |
|
| Czech Republic | Family houses – 139,845 Apartment buildings – 33,429 Administration buildings – 8,274 Buildings for food and accommodation - 3,450 Buildings for health care – 1,041 Buildings for education – 3,857 Buildings for sport – 1,199 Commercial buildings – 3,987 Cultural buildings – 958 Other buildings – 11,318 |
|
| Denmark | See Table 3 | |
| Estonia | 60% of EPCs for single houses, 20% of EPCs for apartment buildings, and 20% of EPCs for other building types | |
| Finland | Single-family homes Row houses Apartment buildings Non-residential (both new buildings and existing buildings): 8,803 |
Number of EPCs by building type, categories with most EPCs. Figures at the end of 2019. |
| France | - | See Table 4. |
| Germany | ||
Greece |
||
| Hungary | 95% are residential buildings | |
| Ireland | 1,035,741 residential 61,843 non-residential |
|
| Italy | 4,538,983 | 2016-2019 period |
Republic of Latvia |
||
| Luxembourg | No details available | |
| Malta | Approximately 6,000 dwellings 55,000 non-dwellings |
Values are approximate due to mixed-use buildings. |
| The Netherlands | Meetings: 13,214 Cell (detention): 2 Health care: 7,510 Industry: 0 Office: 43,220 Accommodation: 4,178 Education: 2,396 Sports: 2,807 Commercial: 36,156 Other function: 0. |
Total number of registered energy labels for non-residential buildings since 1 January 2015, as of the end of 2019: 109,483. Note 1: double registrations for the same building are not taken into account in this number. Note 2: for multiple functions, the label is counted in the primary function. |
| Norway | N/A | |
| Poland | ||
| Portugal | Residential distribution Large non-residential (GES) Small non-residential (PES) Non-residential (GES+PES) |
|
| Slovak Republic | ||
| Slovenia | No distinction among building types; calculated possible for all buildings, measured for existing non-residential | |
| Sweden | 680,000 | |
| UK – England | England: Residential buildings* Bungalow: 1,624,523 Flat: 5,241,431 House: 11,663,552 Maisonette: 488,703 Park home: 4,085 Not Recorded: 124 Total: 19,022,418 Non-residential buildings^ Administration, Business, Commerce: 684,251 Culture, Leisure, Sport, Travel: 134,850 Education: 24,749 Health & Social Care: 38,998 Law & Order, Emergency Services: 2,274 Transport: 960 Other 5,018 Total: 891,100 |
Live tables on Energy Performance of Buildings Certificates, MHCLG, Table A1: Energy Performance Certificates for all properties by total floor area and type of property (*) & Table B: non-domestic Energy Performance Certificates by property group (^), January 2020. |
| UK – Wales | Wales: Residential buildings Bungalow: 116,239 Flat: 177,090 House: 724,589 Maisonette: 11,523 Park home: 241 Not Recorded: 3 Total: 1,029,685 Non-residential buildings Administration, Business, Commerce:31,477 Culture, Leisure, Sport, Travel: 8,022 Education: 1,674 Health & Social Care: 2,195 Law & Order, Emergency Services: 156 Transport:146 Other: 210 |
Live tables on Energy Performance of Buildings Certificates, MHCLG, (*) Table A1: Energy Performance Certificates for all properties by total floor area and type of property & (^) Table B: Non-domestic Energy Performance Certificates by property group, January 2020. |
| UK – Northern Ireland | Not available | |
| UK – Scotland | Domestic buildings (estimated) Bungalow: 297,709 (11.86%) Flat: 1,028,430 (40.97%) House: 1,128,084 (44.94%) Maisonette: 55,978 (2.23%) Total: 2,510,202
Non-domestic buildings (estimated) Administration, Business, Commerce: 39,858 (81.0%) Culture, Leisure, Sport, Travel: 3,641 (7.4%) Education: 2,559 (5.2%) Health & Social Care: 2,756 (5.6%) Law & Order, Emergency Services: 295 (0.6%) Transport: 49 (0.1%) Other: 98 (0.2%) Total: 49,208 |
Source: published EPC data from 2013 to December 2019: Domestic: https://statistics.gov.scot/data/domestic-energy-performance-certificates Non-domestic: https://statistics.gov.scot/data/non-domestic-energy-performance-certificates Note that (i) Percentages for each building type provided as data only recorded centrally from 2013, this data is not published by the Register. (ii) The published dataset does not include any assessments that have subsequently been replaced by a newer record. (iii) The numbers of EPCs for different building types have been estimated through a combination of the published data (building type totals) and unpublished data (percentages of different building types). Therefore, these EPC numbers are approximate. |
04.04 |
Number of assessors |
Comment |
|---|---|---|
Austria |
- |
In Austria approximately 40,000 persons are authorised to issue energy certificates, albeit it is not nationally registered how many of them actually issue energy certificates. |
Belgium – Brussels Capital Region |
565 EPB advisors (for new or renovated) 1,246 EPB certificators (for existing residential buildings), of which in 2018 only 408 completed at least 1 EPC and 246 completed at least 10 EPCs 115 EPB certificators (for existing non-residential buildings) |
|
| Belgium – Flemish Region | EPC residential buildings:
EPC public buildings:
EPC new buildings:
|
Registration is mandatory for each type of qualified expert. Active qualified experts for residential buildings: a qualified expert is considered active when they have issued at least one EPC in the past year and have issued at least ten (10) EPCs during their recognition as a qualified expert. There are two (2) types of qualified experts for public buildings. An external expert follows a recognised training course and passes an exam. An internal expert is an employee of the public organisation with two (2) years of experience in energy efficiency. No exam is needed for internal experts. Active qualified experts for new buildings: a qualified expert is considered active when they have issued at least one (1) initial declaration or one (1) final declaration in the past year. |
| Belgium – Walloon Region | Existing residential buildings: +/- 1,780 Public buildings: 160 |
|
| Bulgaria | 286 assessors (companies) for all categories of buildings + 20 assessors (energy efficiency consultants, natural persons) for residential and mixed-use buildings of a low-rise development and country-house buildings | |
| Croatia | Authorised natural and legal persons for energy certification of buildings:
Authorised persons for regular inspection of heating and cooling/AC systems in buildings (included in the authorisation for energy certification of buildings):
|
Registration in national database is mandatory |
| Cyprus | 228 | The number of assessors by 31 December 2019 |
| Czech Republic | 1,331 | |
| Denmark | The DEA only records companies: companies in total = 184 with approx. 900 assessors. | End of 2019 |
| Estonia | 93 | |
| Finland | 1,181 qualified experts, of which 821 with base level qualifications and 360 with higher level qualifications | Registration is mandatory. Figures at the end of 2019. |
| France | 7,500 | |
| Germany | 31,422 | Not all assessors issue EPCs based on energy consumption and energy demand and inspection reports. Assessors have to register to be able to draw EPC registration numbers. It is unknown how active each assessor is. |
Greece |
Building energy auditors: 16,096 Inspectors for heating systems: 2,982 Inspectors for AC systems: 2,411 |
|
| Hungary | 2,500 | |
| Ireland | 517 residential 148 non-residential |
|
| Italy | Data not available for the whole national territory | More than 101,000 in the ten (10) regions with a list of accredited experts (2019, CTI) (Italian regions/autonomous provinces are 21) |
Republic of Latvia |
In total 93 experts with the following competences: To issue an EPC – 93 experts To issue a temporary EPC – 93 experts To issue inspections – 8 experts |
Information based on register of independent experts. |
| Luxembourg | >200 | |
| Malta | 522 dwellings 173 other buildings |
Some assessors are both for dwellings and non-dwellings. |
| The Netherlands | 669 Recognised Experts for the VEL-system active as of 31 December 2019. | In order to qualify as a Recognised Expert, applicants must take an exam (if they are not already a certified ‘EPA advisor’ or ‘EPA assessor’, EPA = Energie Prestatie Advies = Energy Performance Advice) and attend an instruction course at the Netherlands Enterprise Agency (RVO). If an applicant does not have an EPA diploma, he or she may take the ‘Recognised expert for energy labels in residential construction’ exam at SVM-NIVO. This is a simpler exam than the EPA advisor (or EPA assessor) exam. There are no differences regarding the simplified energy label. Only certified EPA advisors are permitted to conduct ‘Energy Index’ recordings and registrations. Should the specific EPA advisor also have attended the foregoing instruction course and have access to the VEL-application, then he or she may also assess and register simplified energy labels. |
| Norway | 1,500 | Estimate by NVE ___ Experts are needed only for certification of new buildings and non-residential buildings. |
| Poland | 16,000 | |
| Portugal | QE – 2,035
TIM – 2,732 |
QE – Qualified Expert TIM – Install and maintenance technician, only applicable for non-residential buildings Reference 31/12/2019 |
| Slovak Republic | 385 | List of assessors is kept at the Slovak Chamber of Civil Engineers (SKSI) separately for four different types of assessors working on EPCs (thermal protection, heating and hot water, ventilation and AC, lighting). Registration is mandatory. |
| Slovenia | > 300 | |
| Sweden | 870 | |
| UK – England | 39,964* registered assessors in England & Wales (breakdown England/ Wales not available) Assessor registration with a Government-approved Accreditation Scheme is mandatory. |
(*) Energy Performance of Buildings Registers for England and Wales, 2019 Previously reported registered assessors’ numbers (~86,000) included all assessors. The reported ~39,000 assessors only includes practicing/ active assessors, excluding suspended assessors, struck-off assessors, inactive assessors, etc. |
| UK – Wales | Refer to the England KIDs for details. | |
| UK – Northern Ireland | Northern Ireland*: 390 assessors with a registered address in Northern Ireland. Note 39,964** assessors are registered in England & Wales and are accredited to operate in Northern Ireland. |
(*) Department of Finance, 2020 (**) Department for Communities & Local Government, 2019 Please note that this data has not previously been published. |
| UK – Scotland | Scotland: 2,742 | Data has been collated from annual returns received from the Approved Organisations / Protocol Organisations in 2019. This data has not been published previously. |
04.05 |
Basic education requirements for assessors |
Comment |
|---|---|---|
Austria |
Tradesman, civil engineers |
According to decree BMWFJ-30.599/0087-I/7/2009 and BMWA-91.510/0032-1/3/2007 |
Belgium – Brussels Capital Region |
Architecture, architectural engineering, civil engineering, bioengineering or industrial engineering degree or equivalent degree delivered in another state for EPB advisors. EPB certificators may consider the accessor's energy experience in allowing their participation in the courses |
|
| Belgium – Flemish Region | EPC residential buildings: No predefined qualifications are needed for qualified experts. EPC public buildings: No predefined qualifications are needed for qualified experts. EPC new buildings: A degree in architecture or engineering is needed. |
There is no practical experience needed before the approval as assessor. |
| Belgium – Walloon Region | Several specific diplomas, mainly: Architects, Engineer, Bachelor’s in construction, or two (2) years of relevant experience in the energy aspects of buildings | |
| Bulgaria | The assessors (the energy efficiency consultants) are required: - to have secondary technical education, higher education or an acquired academic degree in field of Technical Sciences completed or recognised in Bulgaria or in another EU member state or in another state which is a party to the European Economic Area (EEA) Agreements or in Switzerland; - to have acquired a length of service in the speciality after completion of the education - of not less than 6 years for holders of secondary technical education, not less than 3 years for holders of an educational qualification degree of Bachelor, and not less than 2 years for persons holding an educational qualification degree of Master or holding a science degree; |
|
| Croatia | Basic education depends on the type of authorisation. The authorisation for energy certification and energy audits of buildings with a simple technical system and buildings up to 400 m2 shall be granted to a natural person who has:
The authorisation for energy certification and energy audits of buildings with a complex technical system shall be granted to a legal person employing at least one natural person who has:
|
Building act (OG 153/2013, 20/2017) |
| Cyprus | Registered in the national technical chamber as architect, civil engineer, electrical engineer, mechanical engineer, chemical engineer or environmental engineer | Registration in the national technical chamber requires a university degree in the relevant field. Chemical engineers and environmental engineers can register as assessors only for residential buildings. |
| Czech Republic | Yes |
|
| Denmark | Assessors achieve the competence requirement by passing an educational requirement. As part of the education, there is a physical building inspection. The entry requirement is a competency requirement corresponding to level 4 on the EQF scale. After completing the educational requirement, the assessor remains at EQF level 4. | |
| Estonia | technical higher education and completed in-service training and professional work experience | |
| Finland | The expert must have suitable training and education background (e.g., a degree in building technology or architecture or, for the higher level, a master's degree in building technology or related field). The education background can be compensated with work experience. The qualification has to be approved by a test administered by the accreditation body. Qualification and accreditation for qualified experts is the same for all building types, public and private. |
|
| France | Bachelor degree + 2 years | |
| Germany | For new buildings: assessors have to be authorised to sign plans for building permits. For existing buildings in general: architects and engineers with relevant vocational training in combination with proven work experience in the field of energy efficiency. Exclusively for existing residential buildings and with additional vocational training:
|
Engineer or architectural degree with a core specialisation in energy efficiency or after the degree two years of work experience in energy efficiency or additional training. The requirements for new buildings are in the responsibility of the regions. |
Greece |
Engineer or architectural degree | |
| Hungary | BSc engineer | Several types of BSc diplomas (e.g., architects, mechanical engineers, civil engineers, environmental engineers, electric engineers) are accepted, but not all. |
| Ireland | Level 6 in construction related discipline – residential Level 7 in construction related discipline – non-residential |
|
| Italy | Registered experts (architect, engineer, industrial technical expert, surveyor) or, in the case of different degrees or diplomas, attendance of an 80-hour course with final examinations. Accreditation is provided by regions. |
Independent expert national requirements set in the Presidential Decree n. 75/2013 The expert must not have any relationship with the client, the designer, the installer or the manufacturers of products used in the construction. |
| Republic of Latvia | Education requirements for experts to issue EPCs An acquired vocational or academic higher education of the first or second level, provided that the educational programme provides knowledge on the following: - heat engineering of building envelopes; - technical building systems (heating, cooling, ventilation, air-conditioning, water supply, lighting); - building climatology and the indoor climate; - energy performance assessment and calculation methodology. Education requirements for experts to issue inspections: An acquired vocational or academic higher education of the first or second level, provided the study programme provides knowledge of the following: - heating installations and systems; - air-conditioning equipment and systems; -cooling units and systems; - measurements and control of the equipment. Requirements for building specialists: A construction specialist who has a valid certificate in the field of designing building constructions or in the field of designing heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning systems, or who has an architect's practice certificate and who has passed the competence test in accordance with Paragraph 11 of the Regulation No.531, is entitled to determine the planned energy performance of a building or building unit to be designed, reconstructed, or renovated, and is entitled to issue a temporary energy performance certificate of the building. A construction specialist who has a valid certificate in the field of managing the construction works on heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning systems or in the field of supervising the construction works on heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning systems and who has passed the competence test in accordance with Paragraph 12 of the Regulation No.531 is entitled to perform the inspection of heating systems and air-conditioning systems. |
Requirements for independent experts are set in Cabinet Regulation No. 531 of 21 August 2018 ‘Regulations Regarding Independent Experts of Energy Performance of Buildings’ (Regulation No. 531). |
| Luxembourg | At least a bachelor level or a similar professional experience (min. 5 years) in the concerned domain | |
| Malta | Degree in architecture & civil, mechanical or electrical engineering | |
| The Netherlands | There are no basic education requirements for candidates to take part in the SVM-NIVO exam ‘Recognised expert for energy labels in residential construction’. Any preparation is based on independent study. In addition, it has been shown that a large majority of people active as recognised experts have an EPA advisor/EPA assessor background. As such, they are in possession of an EPA diploma, for which they have been educated. The basic requirements to be admitted to the EPA advisor course are: ‘good professional and intellectual abilities and education or experience in the field of construction or building systems’. | |
| Norway | Bachelor’s degree in buildings technique and energy, plus experience with the calculation of energy performance | Length of experience (2-6 years) depends on building complexity |
| Poland | Diploma of higher education completed with the title of professional engineer, architect engineer, landscape architect engineer, fire engineer, master engineer architect, master engineer landscape architect, master fire engineer or master engineer. | |
| Portugal | Engineer or architectural degree + 5 years’ experience for residential and small non-residential buildings Mechanical engineer for non-residential buildings |
|
| Slovak Republic | Master's Degree | Civil engineer, architect, machinery or electrotechnical, following the requirements stated in act 555/2005 section 6, clause 3 |
| Slovenia | Three-year university degree with technical studies in major, then two years of experience on energy efficiency and RES in buildings | |
| Sweden | Engineers CEX regulation | |
| UK – England | National Occupational Standards (NOS) specify the qualifications and skills, which Energy Assessors should meet to be accredited to produce regulatory outputs. Different accreditations are available depending on the building type, the complexity of the building/ software to be used, and the type of regulatory outputs to be produced. |
|
| UK – Wales | Refer to the England KIDs for details. | |
| UK – Northern Ireland | Refer to the England report for details. | |
| UK – Scotland | The Scottish Operating Framework requires Approved Organisations to reference the UK National Occupational Standards (NOS) when establishing requirements for Energy Assessors. NOS specify the qualifications and skills, which Energy Assessors should meet to be accredited to produce regulatory outputs. Different accreditations are available depending on the building type, the software to be used, and the type of regulatory outputs to be produced. |
04.06 |
Additional training demands for assessors |
Comment |
|---|---|---|
Austria |
Continuing education process |
Requested by regulation of the federal government for self employed e.g. BGBl 156/1996 §14(8) |
Belgium – Brussels Capital Region |
Five (5) days + retraining sessions when requested by the authority. Mandatory refresher training of five (5) days for EPB certificators (for existing residential buildings) |
|
| Belgium – Flemish Region | EPC residential buildings: Yes A candidate qualified expert should follow a recognised training programme and pass an exam. A mandatory scheme of permanent training must be followed each year. EPC public buildings: Yes A candidate qualified expert should follow a recognised training course and pass an exam. EPC new buildings: Yes A candidate qualified expert should follow a recognised training course and pass an exam. A mandatory scheme of permanent training must be followed each year. |
|
| Belgium – Walloon Region | Mandatory training + examination | |
| Bulgaria | Yes. The assessors (the energy efficiency consultants) are required to hold a certificate of successfully passed exam for raising their qualification in higher education institutions teaching their students in specialities in the field of Technical Sciences, professional profiles of Energy, Electrical Equipment, Electronic Equipment and Automation and Architecture, Construction and Geodesy accredited in Bulgaria or in another EU member state or in a state which is a party to the EEA Agreement or in Switzerland. Energy efficiency consultants attain qualification at two levels: - Level 1: competent to perform the activities for all categories of buildings; - Level 2: competent to perform the activities for residential and mixed-use buildings of a low-rise development and country-house buildings; and the course involves 115 and 80 hours of tuition, respectively. |
|
| Croatia | The successful completion of the appropriate professional training programme (Module 1 and Module 2) is mandatory. Programmes are carried out by authorised institutions. Module 1 enables authorisation for energy audits and certification of buildings with a simple technical system, and Module 2 enables authorisation for energy audits and certification of buildings with a complex technical system. Module 1 has a duration of 40 hours and contains themes related to regulations, themes from the field of building physics, on heating systems, electric lighting, on the methodology of carrying out energy audits and applying computer tools. Module 2 also has a duration of 40 hours. It builds on the themes of Module 1, but with additional themes, e.g., RES, alternative energy supply systems, cooling devices, regulation and automation systems in buildings, electric lighting in buildings, public lighting, etc. Authorised persons have the obligation to attend annual programmes of skill upgrading. In Croatia, there are 11 regionally distributed institutions (faculties and professional organisations) that were granted authorisation for carrying out the training programme. | |
| Cyprus | No additional training demands | Trainings are offered and followed by candidate assessors on a voluntary basis. |
| Czech Republic | Yes | |
| Denmark | The educated assessor must be employed by a company that meets the requirements set by the DEA, e.g., there is a requirement for the implementation of quality management according to DS/EN ISO 9001. | |
| Estonia | technical higher education and completed in-service training and professional work experience | |
| Finland | No. | |
| France | 2 to 3 days of training | |
| Germany | See 04.05 | Certified course. To be able to sign applications for subsidies, additional continuous vocational training is required. |
Greece |
Training seminars were available for assessors. Those assessors that have successfully passed the examination foreseen in article 9 of Presidential Decree (P.D.) 100/2010 are categorised as Class C (highest) assessors. |
|
| Hungary | No specific training required but an exam is obligatory. The exam is operated by the Chamber of Engineers and the Chamber of Architects. However, there are several courses available on the market on a voluntary basis. | |
| Ireland | Yes – residential No – non-residential |
|
| Italy | Some regions (ten (10) regions/provinces) have set lists of regionally accredited experts and/or periodically establish additional training demands to the national requirements such as course programmes, procedure of accreditation or long-life training. | Requirements vary and are being updated continuously at regional level and in time. |
| Republic of Latvia | Requirements for experts to issue EPCs: - at least two years of practical work experience in assessing the energy performance of buildings, by working under the supervision of an independent expert with a certified competence in assessing the energy performance of an existing building or its unit and authorised to issuing EPCs, as well as a certified competence in assessing the planned energy performance of new, to be designed, buildings, buildings or their units to be reconstructed or renovated, and authorised to issuing a temporary EPC; - successful passing of the competence test in accordance with Paragraph 9 of the Regulation No.531. Requirements for experts to perform inspections: - at least six months of practical work experience in the field of inspecting heating and air-conditioning systems, by working under the supervision of an independent expert with a certified competence in inspecting heating and air-conditioning systems, and issuing inspection reports; - successful passing of the competence test in accordance with Paragraph 10 of the Regulation No.531. |
Requirements for independent experts are set in Regulation No. 382. |
| Luxembourg | Defined under the myenergy-certified label (see 04.07) | |
| Malta | Training course for assessors with examinations; the course has a total duration of 3 weeks, including the examination. | |
| The Netherlands | Experts must attend an instruction course at RVO before they are recognised as Recognised Experts. | |
| Norway | No other requirements | |
| Poland | There are no additional demands | |
| Portugal | Assessors must have an approval from an examination; however, they are not obliged to attend training, although they are advised to do so. | |
| Slovak Republic | Not mandatory | Various events are organised by the Slovak Chamber of Civil Engineers, mainly focused on new regulations and procedures. |
| Slovenia | One-week training, written and oral examination | |
| Sweden | Five (5) years of practical experience | |
| UK – England | Minimum Continuous Professional Development (CPD) requirements apply. | |
| UK – Wales | Refer to the England KIDs for details. | |
| UK – Northern Ireland | Refer to the England report for details. | |
| UK – Scotland | The Scottish Operating Framework requires Continued Professional Development (CPD). A minimum level of CPD hours is specified by each Approved Organisation. | Approved Organisations: Operational Framework. Scottish Government, December 2012. Available at: |
04.07 |
Quality assurance system |
Comment |
|---|---|---|
Austria |
Regulated in the framework of the rules for professional conduct |
|
| Belgium – Brussels Capital Region | Quality assurance is set with external quality experts. On a yearly basis, they control 1.5% of issued EPCs. One (1) out of four (4) consists of doing the same EPC in situ. | |
| Belgium – Flemish Region | EPC residential buildings: Sample tests on availability and advertisements:
Quality checks:
EPC public buildings: Sample tests on availability
Quality checks
EPC new buildings: Sample tests on availability of initial and final declarations
Quality checks:
Requirements:
|
|
| Belgium – Walloon Region | Performed by administration | |
| Bulgaria | The verification of energy audits and inspection reports is performed by the SEDA through systematic or random sampling of the audited buildings and the inspection reports. Control over the activity of the energy auditors is exercised by means of:
An independent random control was carried out on all the EPCs and inspection reports issued in 2015 and 2016. Up to the end of 2016, no fines / penalties had been imposed. |
|
| Croatia | All issued EPCs undergo administrative controls during their entry into the data base (registry). Five legal persons have been authorised to carry out detailed quality controls of the EPCs and of reports on regular inspection of heating and cooling /AC system of a building. |
|
| Cyprus | Assessors have to pass an examination. There are two exams, one for residential buildings and one for non-residential buildings. Succeeding in the residential buildings exam is a prerequisite for taking a non-residential buildings examination. A minimum of one-year and three-year work experience is required for residential and non-residential buildings, respectively, in fields related to buildings, energy or technical building systems. The first EPC submitted by an assessor is checked by the MECI before issued. |
|
| Czech Republic | Yes | Done via State Energy Inspection |
| Denmark | The quality control performed by the DEA is based on a combination of validity control of the building input data used in issuing the energy label and a risk-based control of issued energy labels. | New approach for control from 2019 |
| Estonia | Estonian Qualifications Framework (EQF) | |
| Finland | The Housing Finance and Development Centre of Finland (ARA) is the administrative authority ensuring the quality of certificates and qualified experts and the appropriate preparation and use of the certificates. As the responsible authority, it can also make compliance checks of issued certificates. ARA partly checks the data input of building information, the accuracy of the presented calculations, and the appropriateness of suggestions given for improving energy efficiency. Additionally, the ARA can initiate enforcement measures in case of negligence on the part of the building owner or the qualified expert. Measures are administrative, not penal, and include requests, warnings, orders, conditional fines, and in case of the qualified expert, suspension/stripping of rights to issue energy certificates. The requirements on EPC display are also controlled by the ARA. |
|
| France | Control of assessments by the certifying body | See 2.III.ii |
| Germany | When an EPC is checked, the qualification of the assessor is verified as well. | |
Greece |
The Departments of Energy Inspection (of Northern and Southern Greece) of the General Directorate of Environment, Construction, Energy and Mineral Inspectorate are responsible for carrying out random EPC control checks and checks on specific EPCs due to complaints. The checks include:
The quality check procedure utilises a tolerance of 5% from the total primary energy consumption of the existing building or variation of more than one energy class. Penalties to energy auditors are calculated according to a specially developed algorithm from the Departments of Energy of YPEN and covers all cases of issued penalties (according to art. 56, Law 4409/2016. |
|
| Hungary | Quality assurance system is operated by the Chamber of Engineers since 2013. 2.5% of EPCs undergo an office check and 0.5% undergo an onsite survey. If the quality control detects a miscalculation of a difference by more than two energy classes, the expert loses his licence for 3 years. Since 2017, further sanctions can be applied including fines and penalties. |
The online submission system also serves as a first level of quality control (e.g., checks for unrealistic figures). The second level is a random office check, the third level is an on-site survey carried out by independent experts. Control results are registered in an electronic database. As of the beginning of 2017, targeted control is also possible. |
| Ireland | Yes | |
| Italy | Regions are responsible for quality assurance of the EPCs. Some regions have started to perform compliance controls (a few hundred per year) 2% of EPCs have to be checked per year. Penalties: 300 €-10,000 € |
Twelve (12) up 21 regions established |
| Republic of Latvia | - An authority examining the competence of independent experts shall ensure that, within a period of five years, every independent expert is checked, through an assessment of their professional activity and the EPCs, temporary EPCs and heating and air-conditioning inspection reports issued , checking the correctness of other documents, as well as the objectivity and veracity of the provided assessment. - The State Construction Control Bureau shall randomly select documents drawn up by independent experts to be inspected, and will assign the relevant authority to examine the competence to carry out document inspection. - If the State Construction Control Bureau or the Ministry of Economics has received an application or other information on a violation of a professional activity of an independent expert whose certificate has been issued by the authority examining the competence the operations of which have been terminated, the State Construction Control Bureau shall send the documents referred to in Paragraph 22 of the Regulation No.531 for inspection to another authority examining the competence. - After receipt of the information referred to in Paragraphs 22 and 23 of the Regulation No.531, and if it receives an application or other information on a violation of a professional activity of an independent expert, the authority examining the competence shall assess the operations of this independent expert. |
Requirements for Quality assurance system are set in Regulation No. 382. |
| Luxembourg | Myenergy-certified label (https://www.myenergy.lu/fr/experts/comment-devenir-conseiller-myenergy-certified) | |
| Malta | Quality assurance entrusted to Malta Competition and Consumer Affairs Authority, which carries out audits on a statistically significant sample on three levels | Quality assurance is carried out by taking a statistically significant sample from all EPCs issued on an annual basis. Three levels of quality control are carried out with the third level involving site visits, while the other levels involve data analysis on two different levels. |
| The Netherlands | The ‘National Governmental Inspection Authority’ (‘ILT’) is charged with verifying the quality of the recognised experts (based on samples of registered labels). Penalties: The ILT may impose a fine; RVO may block the account on the VEL-application if a Recognised Expert is shown not to comply with the rules warranting his or her activity on the VEL application, e.g., if the Recognised Expert is in contravention of the Unfair Trade Practices Act (as part of the Civil Code). |
|
| Norway |
|
The ECS has restrictions on what a layperson is allowed to register. Only experts are given full freedom and responsibility. ___ The first sanctions were used in 2015 based on the lack of valid EPC or inspection report. Later, several rounds of control have been performed. In 2018, the control comprised 69 buildings, and in 2019, six buildings. |
| Poland | ||
| Portugal |
Quality assurance is implemented at different levels, apart from the input validation embedded in the platform. From 2009 to 2013, quality assurance was divided into Detailed (D) and Simple (S) checks as follow: From 2014 onwards, only a single type of quality assurance takes place – summary checks. Quality assurance procedures are currently being revised, and a new system is expected to be implemented in the upcoming months, supported by a 'cost-optimal' approach. |
Reference 31/21/2019 |
| Slovak Republic | Trade inspection carried out 148 inspections in 2016. | According to Act 555/2005, the Slovak Trade Inspection since 2014 has been responsible for the quality assurance (QA) of EPCs. The Slovak Trade Inspection is also responsible for checking if EPCs are displayed in public buildings. The processing of EPCs is done on-line. The system checks that input data fulfils certain conditions before it is allowed to finalise and print the EPC. The number of refused EPCs is not registered. |
| Slovenia | Basic quality assurance, in-depth quality assurance in development | |
| Sweden | Automatic controls Input data is controlled by software in diverse (automated) ways, for example, by climate correction and validation of administrative information on the building through other national databases. There are also programmed warnings and error messages when input data is out of a certain range. Furthermore, the calculation of energy performance is controlled by software as well. Independent energy expert Validity checks are performed automatically on every EPC when the expert is issuing the EPC. The energy expert is responsible for ensuring that the EPC is prepared correctly. Certification and accreditation bodies A certification body tests and approves the person who wants to become a certified energy expert to ensure that the energy expert meets the requirements regulated in CEX. Validity audit Boverket is required to conduct a yearly validity audit covering both input data and EPC results. |
|
| UK – England | Government introduced Scheme Operating Requirements (SORs) to ensure all Accreditation Schemes (which accredit Energy Assessors) achieve common minimum quality standards. SORs require Accreditation Schemes to undertake quality assurance of the outputs produced by their accredited Energy Assessors. Government carries out audits of the quality assurance systems implemented by Accreditation Schemes and compliance with the SORs. These provisions ensure that a statistically significant percentage of certificates are checked. In the most severe instances of non-compliance, Government may suspend or revoke an Accreditation Scheme’s license. Similarly, Accreditation Schemes may revoke an Energy Assessor’s accreditation. |
Published SORs Level 1 & Level 2 documents: |
| UK – Wales | Refer to the England KIDs for details. | |
| UK – Northern Ireland | Refer to the England report for details. | |
| UK – Scotland | Under the Operating Framework, Approved Organisations have Quality Assurance responsibilities. Since 2013, Approved Organisations must check a representative sample of EPCs. Checks repeat the EPC calculations using data on the register. In 2019, 246,727 EPCs were produced and 5,645 (2.29%) were checked. Most checks are desk-based. Assessors' outputs are checked every six months minimum. Poor performance can lead to targeted auditing, retraining, suspension, or being struck off. Government audits Approved Organisations to ensure compliance with the Operating Framework. Approved Organisations who fail to meet the terms of the Framework are subject to a schedule of corrective action and may have their agreement terminated. |
Available at: |
04.08 |
National database for EPCs |
Comment |
|---|---|---|
Austria |
No |
According to EPBD not compulsory |
| Belgium – Brussels Capital Region | Regional | EPBD is a regional competence in Belgium |
| Belgium – Flemish Region | Regional | EPC database for the Flemish Region. This database contains EPCs for residential, non-residential and public buildings. |
| Belgium – Walloon Region | Yes | |
| Bulgaria | Yes | |
| Croatia | Yes, the ‘Information system of energy certification (IEC)’ is an application for issuing, storing and controlling energy certificates, reports on energy inspections of buildings, as well as reports on regular inspections of heating and cooling or air conditioning systems in buildings. The IEC contains a database of energy certificates, reports on energy inspections of buildings, reports on regular inspections of heating systems and cooling or air conditioning, as well as persons authorised to perform building energy certifications and audits and persons authorised to control and implement training programmes. | |
| Cyprus | The EPC database was formed in 2010. In 2017 it was completely digitalised. | |
| Czech Republic | Yes | ENEX database |
| Denmark | Yes, since 2006. | |
| Estonia | Building register | |
| Finland | Yes | Database established 1.5.2015. |
| France | Observatoire DPE | |
| Germany | The independent control system works without general data storage in a central database. A commissioned and authorised body ('Deutsches Institut für Bautechnik - DIBt') holds a central EPC register without generally collecting the contents of the issued EPC. For the purpose of later long-time storage in a database, the collected datasets have to be anonymised to secure data privacy for property owners, which is held in high esteem in Germany. | The anonymised data of the EPCs belong to the regions. Only certain information can be drawn from those data sets. The register collects data from the assessor concerning the name and address of the assessor, the type of EPC issued and the type and location of the building. Each certificate receives an individual registration number and is part of the random quality checks. The contents of the certificate and additional input data are only collected for certificates that are drawn as part of the random samples. |
Greece |
Yes | |
| Hungary | The national database is operated by Lechner Knowledge Centre. Only the main data of EPCs are stored, but calculation details not20. | https://entan.e-epites.hu/ |
| Ireland | Yes | |
| Italy | Partly; established in 2016, collection of data started in 2017 | The SIAPE – National Information System of EPCs, collecting EPC data from regions, has been established in 2016 according to 2015 'EPC Guidelines Decree'. Twenty (20) regions/ autonomous provinces out of 21 are able to send digital EPC data (xml format) since February 2020 |
| Republic of Latvia | Yes | Limited access for documents, public access for publicly available information (class, energy performance indicators => EPCs first page). |
| Luxembourg | Existing for residential building | |
| Malta | One central national database |
|
| The Netherlands | EPCs are registered. | In the Netherlands, EPC labelling is registered and publicly retrievable per address on www.ep-online.nl. The EPCs themselves, including the underlying information and the recommendations of energy-saving measures, in principle, are only available to building owners. |
| Norway | Part of the Energy Certification System | Hosted by Enova ___ Yes |
| Poland | Yes | |
| Portugal | Yes | Two databases exist, one including the mainland and Madeira island and another one including the Azores islands |
| Slovak Republic | Yes | Central register |
| Slovenia | Yes | |
| Sweden | Yes | |
| UK – England | Yes | Domestic Energy Performance Certificate Register https://www.epcregister.com/ Non-Domestic Energy Performance Register https://www.ndepcregister.com/ |
| UK – Wales | Refer to the England KIDs for details. | |
| UK – Northern Ireland | Yes | |
| UK – Scotland | Yes | Scottish Energy Performance Certificate Register. Available at: |
04.09 |
Link to national information on EPCs / Database |
Comment |
|---|---|---|
Austria |
||
Belgium – Brussels Capital Region |
https://www.peb-epb.brussels/certificats-certificaten/ | |
| Belgium – Flemish Region | Information: https://www.energiesparen.be/epc | The EPC database has restricted access, only for experts and VEA |
| Belgium – Walloon Region | Not publicly available | |
| Bulgaria | https://portal.seea.government.bg/bg/IndustrialSystemsReport | |
| Croatia | https://eenergetskicertifikat.mgipu.hr/login.html | |
| Cyprus | https://epc.mcit.gov.cy/ | |
| Czech Republic | Not provided |
Database is intended only for experts and the Ministry of Industry and Trade. It is not a public database. The direct link leads to a login area without any additional information. |
| Denmark | https://emoweb.dk/emodata/test/ | User access is created by contacting the DEA. |
| Estonia | www.ehr.ee | |
| Finland | www.energiatodistusrekisteri.fi | |
| France | https://www.observatoire-dpe.fr/ | |
| Germany | ||
Greece |
http://bpes.ypeka.gr/?page_id=21 | |
| Hungary | https://entan.e-epites.hu/ | |
| Ireland | Ber.seai.ie, ndber.seai.ie | |
| Italy | https://siape.enea.it/ | |
| Republic of Latvia | ||
| Luxembourg | No public access, for internal use only (GDPR) | |
| Malta | https://epc.gov.mt/information-assessors?l=1 | |
| The Netherlands | www.ep-online.nl | especially for home owners: |
| Norway | https://www.energimerking.no/no/energimerking-bygg/energimerkestatistikk/ | |
| Poland | https://rejestrcheb.miir.gov.pl. | |
| Portugal | https://www.sce.pt/estatisticas/ https://portaldaenergia.azores.gov.pt/portal/Servicos/SCE-Acores/Indicadores |
|
| Slovak Republic | https://www.inforeg.sk/ec/ | |
| Slovenia | ||
| Sweden | Publicly available: https://www.boverket.se/sv/energideklaration/sok-energideklaration/ | |
| UK – England | Yes | Published quarterly statistics: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/energy-performance-of-buildings-certificates-in-england-and-wales-2008-to-december-2019 Published Energy Performance of Buildings Data: https://epc.opendatacommunities.org/ |
| UK – Wales | Refer to the England KIDs for details. | |
| UK – Northern Ireland | Domestic Energy Performance Certificate Register https://www.epbniregister.com/ Non-Domestic Energy Performance Register https://www.epbniregisternd.com/ |
|
| UK – Scotland | https://www.scottishepcregister.org.uk/ | Scottish Energy Performance Certificate Register. |
