Clear Brine Fluids

More on Clear Brine Fluids -

Single Salt Fluids

Ammonium Chloride Solution

A clear brine fluid, ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) solution is used as a single salt brine in densities ranging from 8.4 lb/gal to 8.9 lb/gal. Ammonium chloride is used as a completion, workover, and gravel pack fluid when the ammonium ion is preferred. Ammonium chloride is an inherently acidic brine that offers many properties that serve to minimize or prevent formation damage. Ammonium chloride brines are shale inhibitive and compatible with most formation water.

Calcium Bromide Solution

A clear brine fluid, calcium bromide (CaBr₂) solution is used as a single salt brine in densities ranging from 8.4 lb/gal to 15.2 lb/gal. It is used as a completion, workover, gravel pack, and packer fluid. It can also be used as a spike fluid to increase density in fluids up to 14.2 lb/gal. Calcium bromide is often used when the chloride ion is not desirable. Due to its inhibitive properties, calcium bromide can help reduce formation damage induced by clay swelling and dispersion.

Calcium Chloride Solution

A clear brine fluid, calcium chloride (CaCl₂) solution is used as a single salt brine in densities ranging from 8.4 lb/gal to 11.6 lb/gal. The divalent calcium ion (Ca⁺²) inhibits clay swelling, dispersion, and migration. Calcium chloride is one of the most economical brines used in oilfield completion and workover operations.

Potassium Chloride Solution

A clear brine fluid, potassium chloride (KCl) solution is used as a single salt brine in densities ranging from 8.4 lb/gal to 9.7 lb/gal. Potassium chloride is used when the potassium ion is preferred. It is also an effective clay/shale stabilizer in water sensitive formations.

Sodium Bromide Solution

A clear brine fluid, sodium bromide (NaBr) solution is used as a single salt brine in densities ranging from 8.4 lb/gal to 12.7 lb/gal. A pure sodium bromide brine is often selected when the chloride ion is not desirable and when sodium is preferred over calcium. It is often used in situations where formation waters contain high levels of sulfate or carbonate that may precipitate with the calcium ion.

Sodium Chloride Solution

A clear brine fluid, sodium chloride (NaCl) solution is used as a single salt brine in densities ranging from 8.4 lb/gal to 10.0 lb/gal. Sodium chloride is chosen frequently due to its wide availability and low cost.

Multisalt Fluids

Calcium Chloride/Calcium Bromide Blend

A clear brine fluid, calcium chloride/calcium bromide blend (CaCl₂/CaBr₂) can be formulated to meet individual density and crystallization temperature requirements in the density range from 11.6 lb/gal to 15.1 lb/gal. Calcium chloride/calcium bromide blends are the most economical clear brine fluids at their available density range.

Sodium Chloride/Sodium Bromide Blend

A clear brine fluid, sodium chloride/sodium bromide (NaCl/NaBr) blend can be formulated to meet individual density and crystallization temperature requirements, covering the density range from 8.4 lb/gal to 12.7 lb/gal. A sodium chloride/sodium bromide blend is often used when the calcium ion is not desirable and costs are a concern, as it is less expensive than pure sodium bromide brines.

Zinc Bromide/Calcium Bromide/Calcium Chloride Blend

A clear brine fluid, zinc bromide/calcium bromide/calcium chloride (ZnBr2/CaBr2/CaCl2) blend can be formulated to meet individual density and crystallization temperature requirements above the density range from 15.0 lb/gal to 19.2 lb/gal. This blend is used primarily when higher densities are required.

Stock, Custom, and Specialty Fluids

Zinc Bromide Solution

A clear brine fluid, zinc bromide (ZnBr₂) solution can be used as a single salt fluid when calcium ions (Ca⁺²) or chloride ions (Cl^-) are undesirable. Zinc bromide is available as a 20.5 lb/gal (78 wt%) stock fluid and can also be used as a spike fluid in high density, three salt brines with densities greater than 18.0 lb/gal.

Zinc Bromide/Calcium Bromide Blend

A clear brine fluid, zinc bromide/calcium bromide (ZnBr₂/CaBr₂) blend is available as a stock blend at densities of 19.2 lb/gal and 20.5 lb/gal, and as a specialty blend that can be designed to meet individual customer specifications. A zinc bromide/calcium bromide blend can also be used as a spike fluid in clear brine fluids.

Cesium Formate Solution

A single salt, halide free brine fluid, cesium formate (CsO₂CH) solution is available in densities up to 19.2 lb/gal.

Potassium Formate Solution

A single salt, halide free brine fluid, potassium formate (KO₂CH) solution is available in densities up to 13.1 lb/gal. Potassium formate solution can also be used to reduce formation damage that is caused by clay swelling, dispersion, or migration.

Sodium Formate Solution

A single salt, halide free brine fluid, sodium formate (NaO₂CH) solution is available in densities up to 11.1 lb/gal.

Cesium/Potassium Formate Blend

A solid free, halide free multisalt fluid blend, cesium formate/potassium formate (CsO₂CH/KO₂CH) solution is less expensive than the equivalent density of a pure cesium formate solution. These blends cover the density range from 13.1 lb/gal up to 19.2 lb/gal.

Sodium/Potassium Formate Blend

A solid free, halide free multisalt fluid blend, sodium formate/potassium formate (NaO₂CH/KO₂CH) solution is available in densities from 8.4 lb/gal to 13.1 lb/gal.