Key Indicators & Decisions (KI&Ds) – Norway – 2020

01.01

Definition of public buildings (according to article 9 b)

N/A

Not yet decided

01.02

Definition of public buildings used by the public (according to article 13)

N/A

Not applicable. The display of EPCs is mandatory for all non-residential buildings. Reference to Directive 2002/91/EC.

01.03

Number of residential buildings

1,573,000 - of which 1,177,000 are single-family houses

End of 2016, Statistics Norway (https://www.ssb.no/bygg-bolig-og-eiendom/statistikker/bygningsmasse)

01.04

Number of non-residential buildings

2,664,000

End of 2020, Statistics Norway

01.05

If possible, share of public buildings included in the number given in 01.04

N/A

No definition available

01.06

If possible, share of commercial buildings included in the number given in 01.04

N/A

No definition available

01.07

Number of buildings constructed per year (estimate)

40,000

Statistics Norway (https://www.ssb.no/bygg-bolig-og-eiendom/statistikker/byggeareal/kvartal). Estimate 2017-2020.

01.08

If possible, share of residential buildings constructed per year (estimate, included in the number given in 01.07)

90%

Estimate by NVE

01.09

If possible, share of non-residential buildings constructed per year (estimate, included in the number given in 01.07)

10%

Estimate by NVE

01.10

Useful floor area of buildings constructed per year in million square meters (estimate)

9.2 million m² (2020)

Statistics Norway (https://www.ssb.no/bygg-bolig-og-eiendom/statistikker/byggeareal/aar)

02.01

Are building codes set as overall value, primary energy, environment (CO₂), reference building or other

Several components constitute the energy part of building codes.

02.02

Requirements for energy performance of residential buildings in current building code

There are two methods for fulfilling the requirements: specific energy limits set in kWh/m² per year net energy need, or specific component requirements, in total 9 measures.

Regardless of the method chosen, a set of absolute minimum requirements must also be fulfilled.

In addition, all buildings larger than 1,000 m² shall have flexible heating systems, normally waterborne, and must be prepared for low-temperature heating distribution. Single-family houses need to have a chimney flue unless flexible heat distribution is installed. Installation of fossil fuel-based heating systems is not allowed.

Net energy demand (kWh/m² per year): Single-family house/row house etc: 100 + 1,600/m² heated floor area, Apartment buildings: 95

Component requirements:

Max U-value: exterior wall 0.18 W/(m²K)

Max U-value: roof 0.13 W/(m²K)

Max U-value: exposed floors 0.10 W/(m²K)

Max U-value: windows/doors 0.80 W/(m²K)

Thermal bridges (max linear U-value)

W/(m²K): (0.05 for houses and 0.007 for apartment buildings)

Minimum efficiency of heat recovery in ventilation air: 80%

Minimum airtightness (Max air changes/hour at 50 Pa pressure difference) 0.6

Max SFP factor 1.5 kW/(m³/s)

Absolute minimum requirements:

Max U-value: exterior wall 0.22 W/(m²K)

Max U-value: roof 0.18 W/(m²K)

Max U-value: exposed floors 0.18 W/(m²K)

Max U-value: windows/doors 1.20 W/(m²K)

Minimum airtightness (Max air changes/hour at 50 Pa pressure difference) 1.5

02.03

Requirements for energy performance of non-residential commercial buildings in current building code

For non-residential buildings one can only choose the specific energy limit option. There are 11 categories with specific energy limits for each.

In addition, all buildings larger than 1,000 m² shall have flexible heating systems, normally waterborne, and must be prepared for low-temperature heating distribution. Single-family houses need to have a chimney flue, unless flexible heat distribution is installed. Installation of heating systems prepared for fossil fuels is not allowed.

Net energy demand (kWh/m² heated floor area per year)

Kindergarten      135

Office Building   115

Schools  110

Universities        125

Hospitals           225 (265)

Nursing homes   195 (230)

Hotels               170

Sports facilities  145

Commercial building      180

Cultural buildings           130

Light industries/workshops 140 (160)

The same minimum requirements as above have to be fulfilled.

Requirements within parenthesis applies where heat recovery of ventilation air increases the risk of spreading contaminated air or infections.

If electricity is produced on the property (more than 20 kWh/m² per year), the specific energy limit can be exceeded by 10 kWh/m² per year (for all categories)

02.04

Requirements for energy performance of non-residential public buildings in current building code

Not applicable

02.05

Is the performance level of nearly zero energy (NZEB) for new buildings defined in national legislation?

Not yet decided

02.06

Nearly zero energy (NZEB) level for residential buildings (level for building code)

Not yet decided

02.07

Year / date for nearly zero energy (NZEB) as level for residential buildings (as indicated in 02.04)

Not yet decided

Planned for 2020

02.08

Nearly zero energy (NZEB) level for all non-residential buildings (level for building code)

Not yet decided

02.09

Year / date for nearly zero energy (NZEB) as level for non-residential buildings (as indicated in 02.06)

Not yet decided

Planned for 2021

02.10

Are nearly zero energy buildings (NZEB) defined using a carbon or environment indicator?

Not yet decided

02.11

Is renewable energy a part of the overall or an additional requirement?

Not yet decided

02.12

If renewable energy is an additional requirement to NZEB, please indicate level

02.13

Specific comfort criteria for new buildings, provide specific parameters for instance for airtightness, minimum ventilation rates

Not yet decided

03.01

Is the level of nearly zero energy (NZEB) for existing buildings set in national legislation?

Not yet decided

03.02

Is the level of nearly zero energy (NZEB) for existing buildings similar to the level for new buildings?

Not yet decided

Expectedly Yes

03.03

Definition of nearly zero energy (NZEB) for existing residential buildings (if different from new buildings)

Not yet decided

03.04

Definition of nearly zero energy (NZEB) for existing non-residential buildings (if different from new buildings)

Not yet decided

03.05

Overall minimum requirements in case of major-renovation

Same as for new buildings

See above. In general, when measures are applied to existing buildings the same requirements are used as for new buildings. This includes extensions, additions, underpinning, change of use, etc.

The local authorities can give exemptions from the requirements under certain conditions. This applies to necessary remodelling, renovation and change of use, and in cases when for example the requirements will be unreasonable compared to the energy savings the measures will provide.

03.06

Minimum requirements for individual building parts in case of renovation

The absolute minimum requirements for new buildings will apply.

Max U-value: exterior wall 0.22 W/(m²K)

Max U-value: roof 0.18 W/(m²K)

Max U-value: exposed floors 0.18 W/(m²K)

Max U-value: windows/doors 1.20 W/(m²K)

Minimum airtightness (Max air changes/hour at 50 Pa pressure difference) 1.5

03.07

National targets for renovation in connection to Long Term Renovation Strategy (number or percentage of buildings)

Not applicable

03.08

National targets for renovation in connection to Long Term Renovation Strategy (expected reductions and relevant years)

Not applicable

04.01

Number of energy performance certificates per year (for instance average or values for of 3-5 years)

125,000 (house/apartment/holiday house)

1,600 (non-residential)

04.02

Number of EPCs since start of scheme

1,200,000 (house/apartment/holiday house)

30,000 (non-residential)

As of end 2020

04.03

Number of EPCs for different building types

N/A

04.04

Number of assessors

1,500

Estimate by NVE

Experts are needed only for certification of new buildings and non-residential buildings.

04.05

Basic education requirements for assessors

Bachelor’s degree in buildings technique and energy, plus experience with the calculation of energy performance

Length of experience (2-6 years) depends on building complexity

04.06

Additional training demands for assessors

No other requirements

04.07

Quality assurance system

• Built-in features in Energy Certification System (ECS)
• Buyer and user’s interest in correct information and control of registered data
• Independent control of certification and inspections

The ECS has restrictions on what a layperson is allowed to register. Only experts are given full freedom and responsibility.

The first sanctions were used in 2015 based on the lack of valid EPC or inspection report. Later, several rounds of control have been performed. In 2018, the control comprised 69 buildings, and in 2019, six buildings.

04.08

National database for EPCs

Part of the Energy Certification System

Hosted by Enova

Yes

04.09

Link to national information on EPCs / Database

https://www.energimerking.no/no/energimerking-bygg/energimerkestatistikk/

05.01

Is there a national definition of smart buildings?

No

05.02

Are there current support systems for smart buildings?

No

05.03

Are there currently specific requirements for technical building systems (for instance in building codes)?

Part of the energy performance calculation

05.04

Are there current requirements for automatics (for instance in building codes)?

No

05.05

Chosen option A or B for heating systems (inspection or other measures)

Option A

05.06

Number of heating inspections; reports per year (if option A)

600

Altogether approximately 1,000

05.07

Chosen option A or B for cooling systems (inspection or other measures)

Option A

05.08

Number of air-conditioning / cooling system inspections; reports per year (if option A)

22,000

As of December 2019: 5,800 systems for cooling and 25,500 ventilation systems have had an inspection

05.09

Is there a national database for heating inspections?

Yes, same database as for EPC

Inspection reports are stored as a PDF, which means that data is not available for thorough analysis.

05.10

Is there a national database for cooling / air-conditioning inspections?

Yes, same database as for EPC

Inspection reports are stored as a PDF, which means that data is not available for thorough analysis.

05.11

Are inspection databases combined with EPC databases for registration of EPCs and inspection reports?

Yes

Note: data is only available as PDF documents.

05.12

Link to national information on Inspection / Database

https://www.energimerking.no/no/energimerking-bygg/energivurdering-av-teknisk-anlegg/