Key Indicators & Decisions (KI&Ds) – United Kingdom – England – 2020

Last updated 11 October 2022, 14:24

Key Implementation Decisions (KIDs) – GENERAL BACKGROUND

no	Key Implementation Decisions – General Background	Description / value / response	Comments
01.01	Definition of public buildings (according to article 9 b)	Not available
01.02	Definition of public buildings used by the public (according to article 13)	Display Energy Certificates (based on measured energy consumption) are issued and displayed in buildings >250m² that are occupied by a public authority and frequently visited by the public. Energy Performance Certificates (based on predicted energy consumption) are displayed in commercial premises >500m² that are frequently visited by the public, and where an EPC has previously been issued.
01.03	Number of residential buildings	24.2 million homes* in England (March 2018)	(*) Estimated based on: Live tables on dwelling stock – Table 104: Dwelling stock: by tenure, England (historical series), MHCLG (May 2019). https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/live-tables-on-dwelling-stock-including-vacants#history Dwelling Stock Estimates: 2018, England, MHCLG, (May 2019), ISBN: 978-1-4098-5461-6 https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/803958/Dwelling_Stock_Estimates_31_March_2018__England.pdf
01.04	Number of non-residential buildings	1,953,380 in England*	(*) Estimated based on: Non-domestic rating: stock of properties including business floorspace, 2019. Table SC1.0, Valuation Office Agency (Nov 2019). https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/non-domestic-rating-stock-of-properties-including-business-floorspace-2019
01.05	If possible, share of public buildings included in the number given in 01.04	Not available
01.06	If possible, share of commercial buildings included in the number given in 01.04	487,810 retail premises in England*	(*) Estimated based on: Non-domestic rating: stock of properties including business floorspace, 2019. Table SC1.0 Valuation Office Agency (Nov 2019). https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/non-domestic-rating-stock-of-properties-including-business-floorspace-2019
01.07	Number of buildings constructed per year (estimate)	Residential: see 01.08 Non-residential: not identified
01.08	If possible, share of residential buildings constructed per year (estimate, included in the number given in 01.07)	New build completions (England)*: 2016-17^P 183,570 2017-18^P 195,290 2018-19^P 213,860 ^PFigure provisional and subject to revision.	(*) Estimated based on: Housing supply; net additional dwellings, England: 2018-19, MHCLG (Dec 2019) https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/housing-supply-net-additional-dwellings-england-2018-to-2019
01.09	If possible, share of non-residential buildings constructed per year (estimate, included in the number given in 01.07)	Not identified
01.10	Useful floor area of buildings constructed per year in million square meters (estimate)	Floor areas of residential buildings constructed per year (England)*: Floor areas of non-residential buildings constructed per year (England)^:	(*) Live Table NB3, published quarterly statistics on Energy Performance of Buildings Certificates in England and Wales: (^) Live Table A, published quarterly statistics on Energy Performance of Buildings Certificates in England and Wales https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/live-tables-on-energy-performance-of-buildings-certificates

Key Implementation Decisions (KIDs) – NEW BUILDINGS

no	Key Implementation Decision – New Buildings	Description / value / response	Comments
02.01	Are building codes set as overall value, primary energy, environment (CO₂), reference building or other	Reference building approach
02.02	Requirements for energy performance of residential buildings in current building code	To support the implementation of the Building Regulations, “Approved Documents” (ADs) have been published. The ADs set out five criteria for new buildings: For all buildings: achieve a Target CO₂Emission Rate. In addition, for residential buildings: achieve a Target Fabric Energy Efficiency, which reflects space heating and cooling demand in kWh/m²/year. Meet design flexibility limits, including minimum fabric standards and building services efficiencies. Limit heat gains in summer including the effect of shading devices. Ensure that the building performance is consistent with design calculations. Focus on air permeability, commissioning of services and thermal bridges. Provide information for energy‐efficient building operation.	Residential buildings: Conservation of Fuel and Power: Approved Document L1A. HM Government, 2013 edition incorporating 2016 amendments. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/540326/BR_PDF_AD__L1A__2013_with_2016_amendments.pdf
02.03	Requirements for energy performance of non-residential commercial buildings in current building code	Ditto 02.02	Non-residential buildings: Conservation of Fuel and Power: Approved Document L2A. HM Government, 2013 edition incorporating 2016 amendments. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/540328/BR_PDF_AD_L2A_2013_with_2016_amendments.pdf
02.04	Requirements for energy performance of non-residential public buildings in current building code	Ditto 02.02	Non-residential buildings: Conservation of Fuel and Power: Approved Document L2A. HM Government, 2013 edition incorporating 2016 amendments. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/540328/BR_PDF_AD_L2A_2013_with_2016_amendments.pdf
02.05	Is the performance level of nearly zero energy (NZEB) for new buildings defined in national legislation?	Building Regulation 25B* states: ‘Where a building is erected, it must be a nearly zero energy building’. The performance level of nearly zero energy (NZEB) for new buildings is not defined within national legislation. However, SI. 3119 (2012) defines NZEB as “a building that has a very high energy performance, as determined in accordance with a methodology approved under regulation 24, where the nearly zero or very low amount of energy required should be covered to a very significant extent by energy from renewable sources, including energy from renewable sources produced on-site or nearby.” The approved methodology does not set a performance level for NZEB.	(*) Statutory Instruments No. 3119: The Building Regulations &c. (Amendment) Regulations 2012. Available at: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2012/3119/pdfs/uksi_20123119_en.pdf
02.06	Nearly zero energy (NZEB) level for residential buildings (level for building code)	Ditto 02.05.
02.07	Year / date for nearly zero energy (NZEB) as level for residential buildings (as indicated in 02.04)	For all new buildings (excluding new buildings occupied by public authorities), the coming-into-force date for Regulation 25B is 31 December 2020.	Statutory Instruments No. 3119: The Building Regulations &c. (Amendment) Regulations 2012. Available at: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2012/3119/pdfs/uksi_20123119_en.pdf
02.08	Nearly zero energy (NZEB) level for all non-residential buildings (level for building code)	For new buildings occupied by public authorities the coming-into-force date for Regulation 25B is 1st January 2019. For other new buildings, see 02.07.	Statutory Instruments No. 3119: The Building Regulations &c. (Amendment) Regulations 2012. Available at: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2012/3119/pdfs/uksi_20123119_en.pdf
02.09	Year / date for nearly zero energy (NZEB) as level for non-residential buildings (as indicated in 02.06)	See above
02.10	Are nearly zero energy buildings (NZEB) defined using a carbon or environment indicator?	Carbon based
02.11	Is renewable energy a part of the overall or an additional requirement?	Part of the overall requirement.	Statutory Instruments No. 3119: The Building Regulations &c. (Amendment) Regulations 2012. Available at: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2012/3119/pdfs/uksi_20123119_en.pdf
02.12	If renewable energy is an additional requirement to NZEB, please indicate level	Not applicable
02.13	Specific comfort criteria for new buildings, provide specific parameters for instance for airtightness, minimum ventilation rates	See 02.02

Key Implementation Decisions (KIDs) – EXISTING BUILDINGS

no	Key Implementation Decision – Existing Buildings	Description / value / response
03.01	Is the level of nearly zero energy (NZEB) for existing buildings set in national legislation?	No
03.02	Is the level of nearly zero energy (NZEB) for existing buildings similar to the level for new buildings?	Not defined
03.03	Definition of nearly zero energy (NZEB) for existing residential buildings (if different from new buildings)	Not defined
03.04	Definition of nearly zero energy (NZEB) for existing non-residential buildings (if different from new buildings)	Not defined
03.05	Overall minimum requirements in case of major-renovation	Building Regulations are supported by Approved Documents, which set out an elemental approach for existing buildings, and “Domestic and Non‐domestic Building Services Compliance Guides” which include minimum energy efficiency standards for new and replacement of existing building systems. Under certain circumstances additional energy efficiency measures (named “consequential improvements”) must be undertaken.
03.06	Minimum requirements for individual building parts in case of renovation	Ditto 03.05
03.07	National targets for renovation in connection to Long Term Renovation Strategy (number or percentage of buildings)	Not defined
03.08	National targets for renovation in connection to Long Term Renovation Strategy (expected reductions and relevant years)	Not defined

Key Implementation Decisions (KIDs) – ENERGY PERFORMANCE CERTIFICATES

no	Key Implementation Decision – Energy Performance Certificates	Description / value / response	Comment
04.01	Number of energy performance certificates per year (for instance average or values for of 3-5 years)	England: Domestic EPCs (annual average 2017 - 2019): 1,318,362* Non-domestic EPCs (annual average 2017 - 2019): 82,687^ Non-domestic DECs (annual average 2017 - 2019): 33,015**	Live tables on Energy Performance of Buildings Certificates, MHCLG, Table A1: Energy Performance Certificates for all properties by total floor area and type of property ()* & Table B: non-domestic Energy Performance Certificates by property group (^), January 2020. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/live-tables-on-energy-performance-of-buildings-certificates#epcs-for-all-properties-non-domestic-and-domestic (**) Live Tables, published quarterly statistics on Energy Performance of Buildings Certificates in England and Wales: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/energy-performance-of-buildings-certificates-in-england-and-wales-2008-to-december-2019
04.02	Number of EPCs since start of scheme	England: Domestic EPCs (total to December 2019): 19,022,418* Non-domestic EPCs (total to December 2019): 891,100^ Non-domestic DECs (total to December 2019): 368,420**	Live tables on Energy Performance of Buildings Certificates, MHCLG, Table A1: Energy Performance Certificates for all properties by total floor area and type of property ()* & Table B: non-domestic Energy Performance Certificates by property group (^), January 2020. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/live-tables-on-energy-performance-of-buildings-certificates#epcs-for-all-properties-non-domestic-and-domestic (**) Live Tables, published quarterly statistics on Energy Performance of Buildings Certificates in England and Wales: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/energy-performance-of-buildings-certificates-in-england-and-wales-2008-to-december-2019
04.03	Number of EPCs for different building types	England: Residential buildings* Bungalow: 1,624,523 Flat: 5,241,431 House: 11,663,552 Maisonette: 488,703 Park home: 4,085 Not Recorded: 124 Total: 19,022,418 Non-residential buildings^ Administration, Business, Commerce: 684,251 Culture, Leisure, Sport, Travel: 134,850 Education: 24,749 Health & Social Care: 38,998 Law & Order, Emergency Services: 2,274 Transport: 960 Other 5,018 Total: 891,100	Live tables on Energy Performance of Buildings Certificates, MHCLG, Table A1: Energy Performance Certificates for all properties by total floor area and type of property ()* & Table B: non-domestic Energy Performance Certificates by property group (^), January 2020. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/live-tables-on-energy-performance-of-buildings-certificates#epcs-for-all-properties-non-domestic-and-domestic
04.04	Number of assessors	39,964* registered assessors in England & Wales (breakdown England/ Wales not available) Assessor registration with a Government-approved Accreditation Scheme is mandatory.	(*) Energy Performance of Buildings Registers for England and Wales, 2019 Previously reported registered assessors’ numbers (~86,000) included all assessors. The reported ~39,000 assessors only includes practicing/ active assessors, excluding suspended assessors, struck-off assessors, inactive assessors, etc.
04.05	Basic education requirements for assessors	National Occupational Standards (NOS) specify the qualifications and skills, which Energy Assessors should meet to be accredited to produce regulatory outputs. Different accreditations are available depending on the building type, the complexity of the building/ software to be used, and the type of regulatory outputs to be produced.
04.06	Additional training demands for assessors	Minimum Continuous Professional Development (CPD) requirements apply.
04.07	Quality assurance system	Government introduced Scheme Operating Requirements (SORs) to ensure all Accreditation Schemes (which accredit Energy Assessors) achieve common minimum quality standards. SORs require Accreditation Schemes to undertake quality assurance of the outputs produced by their accredited Energy Assessors. Government carries out audits of the quality assurance systems implemented by Accreditation Schemes and compliance with the SORs. These provisions ensure that a statistically significant percentage of certificates are checked. In the most severe instances of non-compliance, Government may suspend or revoke an Accreditation Scheme’s license. Similarly, Accreditation Schemes may revoke an Energy Assessor’s accreditation.	Published SORs Level 1 & Level 2 documents: http://www.easob.co.uk/Level_1_SORs_v1.1_07.06.19.pdf http://www.easob.co.uk/Level%202%20SORs_v1.5.pdf
04.08	National database for EPCs	Yes	Domestic Energy Performance Certificate Register https://www.epcregister.com/ Non-Domestic Energy Performance Register https://www.ndepcregister.com/
04.09	Link to national information on EPCs / Database	Yes	Published quarterly statistics: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/energy-performance-of-buildings-certificates-in-england-and-wales-2008-to-december-2019 Published Energy Performance of Buildings Data: https://epc.opendatacommunities.org/

Key Implementation Decisions (KIDs) – SMART BUILDINGS AND BUILDING SYSTEMS

no	Key Implementation Decision – Smart Buildings and Building Systems	Description / value / response	Comment
05.01	Is there a national definition of smart buildings?	Not defined
05.02	Are there current support systems for smart buildings?	Not defined
05.03	Are there currently specific requirements for technical building systems (for instance in building codes)?	Yes	Building Regulations require the commissioning of fixed technical building systems to ensure the actual building performance is as consistent as possible with design intentions. The ADs* reference the Domestic and Non‐domestic Building Services Compliance Guides and industry guidance. Typically, the guides recommend following manufacturer’s instructions, and include information such as the qualifications/accreditation required for commissioning experts. (*) Approved Documents: AD L1A, AD L1B, AD L2A and AD L2B for new and existing residential and non‐residential buildings respectively. These are available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/conservation-of-fuel-and-power-approved-document-l
05.04	Are there current requirements for automatics (for instance in building codes)?	Yes	Section 2.43 of AD L2A states: Systems should be provided with appropriate controls to enable the achievement of reasonable standards of energy efficiency in use. Energy Meters Section 2.47 of AD L2A states: Reasonable provision for energy meters would be to install energy metering systems that enable the following: At least 90 per cent of the estimated annual energy consumption of each fuel to be assigned to the various end-use categories (heating, lighting etc.). The output of any renewable system to be separately monitored; and In buildings with a total useful floor area greater than 1,000m², automatic meter reading and data collection facilities. Further information available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/conservation-of-fuel-and-power-approved-document-l
05.05	Chosen option A or B for heating systems (inspection or other measures)	Option B	Ditto 5.1
05.06	Number of heating inspections; reports per year (if option A)	Not applicable
05.07	Chosen option A or B for cooling systems (inspection or other measures)	Option A
05.08	Number of air-conditioning / cooling system inspections; reports per year (if option A)	Total AC inspection reports (England & Wales): 92,320* (Breakdown of England & Wales not available)	(*) Non-domestic Energy Performance of Buildings Register for England and Wales. https://www.ndepcregister.com/lodgementStats.html
05.09	Is there a national database for heating inspections?	No	The UK decided to provide advice on boilers/ heating systems, rather than implement an inspection regime.
05.10	Is there a national database for cooling / air-conditioning inspections?	Yes	From 2012, all new AC inspection reports must be registered on the Non-domestic Energy Performance of Buildings Register for England & Wales which made AC inspection reports easier to validate and quality assure.
05.11	Are inspection databases combined with EPC databases for registration of EPCs and inspection reports?	Yes	Non-domestic EPCs, DECs and AC inspection reports are registered on the Non-domestic Energy Performance of Buildings Register for England and Wales.
05.12	Link to national information on Inspection / Database	Yes	Non-domestic Energy Performance of Buildings Register for England and Wales. https://www.ndepcregister.com/lodgementStats.html