Key Indicators & Decisions (KI&Ds) – Croatia – 2020

Last updated 11 October 2022, 14:23

Key Implementation Decisions (KIDs) – GENERAL BACKGROUND

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Key Implementation Decisions – General Background

Description / value / response

Comments

01.01

Definition of public buildings (according to article 9 b)

Public sector buildings are buildings that are owned and used by public authorities.

Public sector includes budgetary and extra-budgetary users of the state budget and budget users of local and regional (regional) governments authorities

Energy Efficiency Act (OG 127/2014), Article 4

01.02

Definition of public buildings used by the public (according to article 13)

Public building means a building, or a part thereof used by public authorities for performing their activities, a building or a part thereof used for housing of specific population groups, and a non-residential building or part thereof in which a number of people are present, or a larger number of people are provided a service.

Building Act (OG 153/2013, 20/2017, 39/19, 125/19), Article 3

Housing of specific population groups includes housing for elderly persons, children, etc.

01.03

Number of residential buildings

	Number	Area m²
Multi-family houses	290,689	55,438,063
Family houses	471,708	86,738,615
Total residential	762,397	142,176,678

Long Term Strategy for Mobilising Investment in the Renovation of the National Building Stock of the Republic of Croatia

Total number includes buildings constructed by the end of 2011

01.04

Number of non-residential buildings

	Number	Area m²
Public buildings	80,196	13,801,902
Commercial buildings	44,728	36,540,459
Total non-residential	124,924	50,342,361

Long Term Strategy for Mobilising Investment in the Renovation of the National Building Stock of the Republic of Croatia

Total number includes buildings constructed by the end of 2011

01.05

If possible, share of public buildings included in the number given in 01.04

64%

Long Term Strategy for Mobilising Investment in the Renovation of the National Building Stock of the Republic of Croatia

01.06

If possible, share of commercial buildings included in the number given in 01.04

36%

Long Term Strategy for Mobilising Investment in the Renovation of the National Building Stock of the Republic of Croatia

01.07

Number of buildings constructed per year (estimate)

Number of finished buildings

Year	Total	Residential	Non-residential
2016	4,824	3,811	1,013
2017	4,940	3,699	1,241
2018	4,933	3,824	1,109
2019	5,521	4,316	1,205

Croatian Bureau of Statistics

01.08

If possible, share of residential buildings constructed per year (estimate, included in the number given in 01.07)

79% in 2016

74% in 2017

77% in 2018

78% in 2019

Croatian Bureau of Statistics

01.09

If possible, share of non-residential buildings constructed per year (estimate, included in the number given in 01.07)

21% in 2016

26% in 2017

23% in 2018

78% in 2019

Croatian Bureau of Statistics

01.10

Useful floor area of buildings constructed per year in million square meters (estimate)

Useful floor area m²

Year	Total	Residential	Non-residential
2016	1,832,144	1,012,270	819,874
2017	2,029,111	1,041,123	987,988
2018	2,206,821	1,301,523	905,298
2019	2,567,133	1,429,644	1,137,489

Croatian Bureau of Statistics

Key Implementation Decisions (KIDs) – NEW BUILDINGS

no	Key Implementation Decision – New Buildings	Description / value / response	Comments
02.01	Are building codes set as overall value, primary energy, environment (CO₂), reference building or other	Building codes are set as overall primary energy value.
02.02	Requirements for energy performance of residential buildings in current building code	Requirements are established for residential buildings heated and/or cooled at indoor temperature of 18⁰C or higher: Maximum permitted annual energy needs for heating per unit of the usable floor area of a building (Q",_Hnd) Maximum permitted U-value Maximum permitted annual primary energy consumption per unit of the usable floor area of a building (E" _prim) Maximum permitted annual energy needs for cooling per unit of the usable floor area of a building (Q" _C,nd) Share of RES Primary energy includes the heating and cooling energy needs, energy for ventilation and domestic hot water E"_prim [kWh/(m²·year)] Multi-family houses continental 120 littoral 90 Family houses continental 115 littoral 70
02.03	Requirements for energy performance of non-residential commercial buildings in current building code	Requirements are established for non-residential buildings heated and/or cooled at indoor temperature of 18⁰C or higher: Maximum permitted Q",_Hnd Maximum permitted U-value Maximum permitted E"_prim Maximum permitted Q" _C,nd Share of RES Primary energy includes the heating and cooling energy needs, energy for ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting for non-residential buildings. E"_prim / [kWh/(m²·year)] Offices continental 70 littoral 70 Educational continental 65 littoral 60 Hospitals continental 300 littoral 300 Wholesale and retail trade services continental 450 littoral 280
02.04	Requirements for energy performance of non-residential public buildings in current building code	Educational continental 65 littoral 60 Hospitals continental 300 littoral 300 Sports facilities continental 400 littoral 170 Other types continental 150 littoral 100
02.05	Is the performance level of nearly zero energy (NZEB) for new buildings defined in national legislation?	Yes	Technical Regulation on rational use of energy and thermal protection in buildings (OG 128/2015, 70/2018, 73/2018, 86/2018, 102/2020)
02.06	Nearly zero energy (NZEB) level for residential buildings (level for building code)	E"_prim [kWh/(m²·year)] Multi-family houses continental 80 littoral 50 Family houses continental 45 littoral 35	Technical Regulation on rational use of energy and thermal protection in buildings (OG 128/201570/2018, 73/2018, 86/2018, 102/2020)
02.07	Year / date for nearly zero energy (NZEB) as level for residential buildings (as indicated in 02.04)	31 December 2020	All new buildings (residential and non-residential) that are under construction must comply with the NZEB standard by 31 December 2020. The main design of the building should be prepared according to the requirements for NZEB, if application for building permit is submitted after 31 December 2019.
02.08	Nearly zero energy (NZEB) level for all non-residential buildings (level for building code)	E"_prim [kWh/(m²·year)] Offices continental 35 littoral 25 Educational continental 55 littoral 55 Hospitals continental 250 littoral 250 Hotels and restaurants continental 90 littoral 70 Sports facilities continental 210 littoral 150 Wholesale and retail trade services continental 170 littoral 150	Set in values, formula for calculation or text, for instance based on model building.
02.09	Year / date for nearly zero energy (NZEB) as level for non-residential buildings (as indicated in 02.06)	31 December 2020	All new buildings (residential and non-residential) that are under construction must comply with the NZEB standard by 31 December 2020. The main design of the building should be prepared according to the requirements for NZEBs if application for building permit is submitted after 31 December 2019. All new buildings owned or occupied by public authorities must have NZEB performance after 31 December 2018. For buildings occupied and owned by public authorities the main design of the building should be prepared according to the requirements for NZEBs if application for building permit is submitted after 31 December 2017
02.10	Are nearly zero energy buildings (NZEB) defined using a carbon or environment indicator?	No
02.11	Is renewable energy a part of the overall or an additional requirement?	Overall	NZEB fulfils criteria for RES if at least 30% of the annual primary energy is covered from RES.
02.12	If renewable energy is an additional requirement to NZEB, please indicate level
02.13	Specific comfort criteria for new buildings, provide specific parameters for instance for airtightness, minimum ventilation rates	yes	The air change rate of indoor air in buildings where persons stay or work shall be at least 0.5 h‐1. At the time when the building is unoccupied, an air change rate of at least 0.2 h‐1 should be provided. The lowest air change rate shall be higher in individual parts of the building if necessary for the purpose of avoiding threats to hygiene and health conditions, and/or due to the use of open‐flame heating and/or cooking devices. If it is not possible to ensure natural air ventilation that meets the requirements for the prescribed air quality, hybrid or mechanical ventilation should be designed. For multi‐family residential buildings, airtightness requirements must be fulfilled for each apartment. For non-residential buildings, airtightness requirements must be fulfilled for the building envelope. Air permeability classification of windows, balcony doors and skylights shall comply with the requirements specified according to HRN EN 12207:2011. Indoor air comfort shall be determined by fulfilling requirements for heating, cooling, ventilation, thermal stability, indoor surface temperature, humidity, proper lighting and allowed noise. Recommended design values are determined in HRN EN 15251:2008.

Key Implementation Decisions (KIDs) – EXISTING BUILDINGS

no

Key Implementation Decision – Existing Buildings

Description / value / response

Comment

03.01

Is the level of nearly zero energy (NZEB) for existing buildings set in national legislation?

No

03.02

Is the level of nearly zero energy (NZEB) for existing buildings similar to the level for new buildings?

Yes

The level of NZEB in set in legislation and it refers to new buildings. In order to become NZEB, an existing building undergoing renovation shall meet the same requirements set for new buildings.

03.03

Definition of nearly zero energy (NZEB) for existing residential buildings (if different from new buildings)

Definition of NZEBs for existing buildings is the same as for new buildings.

03.04

Definition of nearly zero energy (NZEB) for existing non-residential buildings (if different from new buildings)

Definition of NZEBs for existing buildings is the same as for new buildings.

03.05

Overall minimum requirements in case of major-renovation

Major renovation of a building means the renovation of a building where more than 25% of the surface of the envelope undergoes renovation.

In the case of major renovation, the heat transmission coefficient of the entire building element shall fulfil the prescribed requirements.

Buildings undergoing major renovation shall fulfil at least 10% of energy demand from RES which can be obtained from district or block heating based entirely or partially on energy from RES unless it is technically, functionally and economically feasible.

When reconstruction covers more than 75% of the surface of the heated building envelope, requirements are set on Q_H,nd, E_prim, E_del.

	E"prim [kWh/(m²·year)]
	cont.	litt.
Multi-family house	180	130
Family house	135	80
Offices	75	75
Educational	90	75
Hospitals	340	330
Hotels and restaurants	145	115
Sport facilities	420	215
Whole sale and retail trade services	475	300
Other types	180	130

03.06

Minimum requirements for individual building parts in case of renovation

For individual parts of buildings, a maximum allowed U-value for elements of new buildings and after reconstruction of existing buildings heated to a temperature of 18˚C or more and heated between 12˚C and 18˚C in continental and littoral climate are prescribed.

Building element	Maximum U-values
	Indoor temperature
	≥18°C		<12°C	<18°C
	cont.	litt.	cont.	litt.
External walls	0.30	0.45	0.50	0.60
Transparent façade elements (frame)	1.60	1.80	2.50	2.80
Glazing only	1.10	1.40	1.40	1.40
Roofs	0.25	0.30	0.40	0.50
Ceilings above external air	0.25	0.30	0.40	0.50
Walls and ceilings of non-heated rooms	0.40	0.60	0.90	1.20
Floor	0.40	0.50	0.65	0.80
External doors	2.00	2.40	2.90	2.90
Wall shutter boxes	0.60	0.80	0.80	0.80
Ceilings and floors between apartments	0.60	0.80	1.20	1.20
Cupolas, light bars	2.50	2.50	2.50	2.50
Windshields	3.00	3.00	3.00	3.00

Maximum U-Value

03.07

National targets for renovation in connection to Long Term Renovation Strategy (number or percentage of buildings)

	2030	2040	2050
total renovated buildings	30,838,830	41,063,535	32,099,102
renovated residential	20,171,751	26,966,267	21,117,537
average annual renovation rate residential	2 %	3.5%	4%
renovated non-residential	10,667,079	14,097,268	10,981,565
average annual renovation rate non-residential	2%	3.5%	4%

03.08

National targets for renovation in connection to Long Term Renovation Strategy (expected reductions and relevant years)

energy consumption [PJ]	2017	2020	2030	2040	2050
services	33.5	34.6	39.2	39.5	36.8
households	99.5	98.5	96.9	83.6	68.4

Key Implementation Decisions (KIDs) – ENERGY PERFORMANCE CERTIFICATES

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Key Implementation Decision – Energy Performance Certificates

Description / value / response

Comment

04.01

Number of energy performance certificates per year (for instance average or values for of 3-5 years)

Number of issued EPCs in 2015/2016

Number/type of building	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Total	47,428	41,895	21,738	20,683	19,596
Family houses	15,202	14,427	7,151	6,333	6,221
Multi-family houses	23,940	17,418	10,712	10,553	10,299
Offices	2,568	3,489	1,505	1,115	718
Educational buildings	641	530	266	327	308
Hospitals	239	210	101	94	73
Hotels and restaurants	2,368	2,162	522	570	334
Sports facilities	159	157	90	74	67
Wholesale and retail trade service buildings	1,260	2,252	774	878	724
Non-residential buildings in which energy is used to create certain conditions of conditioning	483	928	432	531	596
Other non-residential buildings that are heated at a temperature of +18°C or higher (for example: a building for transport and communications, terminals, stations, traffic buildings, post offices, telecommunications buildings, buildings for cultural and art activities and entertainment, museums and libraries, etc.).	568	331	185	228	256

04.02

Number of EPCs since start of scheme

EPCs for the period 2010-2020:

Total 228,902
Residential buildings 186,523
Non-residential buildings 42,379

04.03

Number of EPCs for different building types

04.04

Number of assessors

Authorised natural and legal persons for energy certification of buildings:

Total 1,275
Natural persons 649
Legal persons 626

Authorised persons for regular inspection of heating and cooling/AC systems in buildings (included in the authorisation for energy certification of buildings):

Total 350
Natural persons 146
Legal persons 204

Registration in national database is mandatory

04.05

Basic education requirements for assessors

Basic education depends on the type of authorisation.

The authorisation for energy certification and energy audits of buildings with a simple technical system and buildings up to 400 m² shall be granted to a natural person who has:

a completed graduate university study in the field of architecture, civil engineering, mechanical engineering or electrical engineering or
a completed specialist graduate professional programme in the field of architecture, civil engineering, mechanical engineering or electrical engineering.

The authorisation for energy certification and energy audits of buildings with a complex technical system shall be granted to a legal person employing at least one natural person who has:

a completed graduate university study in the field of architecture, civil engineering, mechanical engineering or electrical engineering or
a completed specialist graduate professional programme in the field of architecture, civil engineering, mechanical engineering or electrical engineering and who has during his studies achieved at least 300 ECTS credits.

Building act (OG 153/2013, 20/2017)

04.06

Additional training demands for assessors

The successful completion of the appropriate professional training programme (Module 1 and Module 2) is mandatory. Programmes are carried out by authorised institutions. Module 1 enables authorisation for energy audits and certification of buildings with a simple technical system, and Module 2 enables authorisation for energy audits and certification of buildings with a complex technical system. Module 1 has a duration of 40 hours and contains themes related to regulations, themes from the field of building physics, on heating systems, electric lighting, on the methodology of carrying out energy audits and applying computer tools. Module 2 also has a duration of 40 hours. It builds on the themes of Module 1, but with additional themes, e.g., RES, alternative energy supply systems, cooling devices, regulation and automation systems in buildings, electric lighting in buildings, public lighting, etc. Authorised persons have the obligation to attend annual programmes of skill upgrading. In Croatia, there are 11 regionally distributed institutions (faculties and professional organisations) that were granted authorisation for carrying out the training programme.

04.07

Quality assurance system

All issued EPCs undergo administrative controls during their entry into the data base (registry).

Five legal persons have been authorised to carry out detailed quality controls of the EPCs and of reports on regular inspection of heating and cooling /AC system of a building.

04.08

National database for EPCs

Yes, the ‘Information system of energy certification (IEC)’ is an application for issuing, storing and controlling energy certificates, reports on energy inspections of buildings, as well as reports on regular inspections of heating and cooling or air conditioning systems in buildings. The IEC contains a database of energy certificates, reports on energy inspections of buildings, reports on regular inspections of heating systems and cooling or air conditioning, as well as persons authorised to perform building energy certifications and audits and persons authorised to control and implement training programmes.

04.09

Link to national information on EPCs / Database

https://eenergetskicertifikat.mgipu.hr/login.html

Key Implementation Decisions (KIDs) – SMART BUILDINGS AND BUILDING SYSTEMS

no	Key Implementation Decision – Smart Buildings and Building Systems	Description / value / response	Comment
05.01	Is there a national definition of smart buildings?	No
05.02	Are there current support systems for smart buildings?	No
05.03	Are there currently specific requirements for technical building systems (for instance in building codes)?	Yes	Technical Regulation on energy savings and thermal protection in buildings (OG 128/2015, 70/2018, 73/2018, 86/2018, 102/2020).
05.04	Are there current requirements for automatics (for instance in building codes)?	Yes	Technical Regulation on energy savings and thermal protection in buildings (OG 128/2015, 70/2018, 73/2018, 86/2018, 102/2020).
05.05	Chosen option A or B for heating systems (inspection or other measures)	A
05.06	Number of heating inspections; reports per year (if option A)	94	Reports are registered in the database IEC
05.07	Chosen option A or B for cooling systems (inspection or other measures)	A
05.08	Number of air-conditioning / cooling system inspections; reports per year (if option A)
05.09	Is there a national database for heating inspections?	Yes	Information system of energy certification (IEC)
05.10	Is there a national database for cooling / air-conditioning inspections?	Yes	Information system of energy certification (IEC)
05.11	Are inspection databases combined with EPC databases for registration of EPCs and inspection reports?	Yes	Information system of energy certification (IEC)
05.12	Link to national information on Inspection / Database	https://eenergetskicertifikat.mgipu.hr/login.html