Key Indicators & Decisions (KI&Ds) – Hungary – 2020

01.01

Definition of public buildings (according to article 9 b)

Buildings having an official function, owned by the state and non-profit.

01.02

Definition of public buildings used by the public (according to article 13)

Buildings where more than 50% of the total floor area is used by the state or governmental authorities for administrative purposes

Governmental decree 176/2008

01.03

Number of residential buildings

2,722,488

(number of flats: 4,474,531) 

Total number

Source: Hungarian Central Statistical Office, 2020

01.04

Number of non-residential buildings

287,032

Total number incl. commercial, educational, health care, public administration, social, cultural and other buildings

Souce: Hungarian Central Statistical Office, 2005

01.05

If possible, share of public buildings included in the number given in 01.04

22,990

Total number based on consultant’s estimation

01.06

If possible, share of commercial buildings included in the number given in 01.04

220,149

Total number

Source: Hungarian Central Statistical Office, 2005 

01.07

Number of buildings constructed per year (estimate)

approximately 28,000

Highest number in the last decade

Source: Hungarian Central Statistical Office, 2020

01.08

If possible, share of residential buildings constructed per year (estimate, included in the number given in 01.07)

63%

Source: Hungarian Central Statistical Office, 2020

01.09

If possible, share of non-residential buildings constructed per year (estimate, included in the number given in 01.07)

37%

Source: Hungarian Central Statistical Office, 2020

01.10

Useful floor area of buildings constructed per year in million square meters (estimate)

6.62

Source: Hungarian Central Statistical Office, 2020

02.01

Are building codes set as overall value, primary energy, environment (CO₂), reference building or other

 Primary energy, in some cases reference building

02.02

Requirements for energy performance of residential buildings in current building code

Specific heat loss coefficient:

q=1/V(ΣAU + ΣlΨ - (Qsd+Qsid)/72)

Total primary energy factor:

Ep=EH+EDHW+EV+EC+EL+ETR

Cost-optimal and nZEB after 2020.

3 basic and 3 supplementary requirement levels:

-U-values of building envelope elements

-Specific heat loss coefficient

-Total primary energy factor

-Summer overheating

-Technical building system elements

-Minimum share of RES (only nZEB)  

02.03

Requirements for energy performance of non-residential commercial buildings in current building code

For building types other than residential, educational and office a reference building method is applied.

02.04

Requirements for energy performance of non-residential public buildings in current building code

For building types other than residential, educational and office a reference building method is applied.

02.05

Is the performance level of nearly zero energy (NZEB) for new buildings defined in national legislation?

Yes

7/2006. (V. 24.) decree of the Minister without portfolio

02.06

Nearly zero energy (NZEB) level for residential buildings (level for building code)

100 kWh/m²year primary energy and minimum 25% of renewable to non-renewable ratio

02.07

Year / date for nearly zero energy (NZEB) as level for residential buildings (as indicated in 02.04)

From 01.01.2021

02.08

Nearly zero energy (NZEB) level for all non-residential buildings (level for building code)

offices: 90 kWh/m²year primary energy (110 if air-conditioned building) and 25% renewable share

educational: 85 kWh/m²year primary energy (110 if air-conditioned building) and min. 25% renewable share

other: reference building method must be applied and min. 25% renewable share

02.09

Year / date for nearly zero energy (NZEB) as level for non-residential buildings (as indicated in 02.06)

From 01.12.2019

Only for buildings used by public authorities

02.10

Are nearly zero energy buildings (NZEB) defined using a carbon or environment indicator?

No

02.11

Is renewable energy a part of the overall or an additional requirement?

Yes

where the share of renewable energy cannot be reasonably (technically, economically, or environmentally) met, the actual legislation allows the builder to replace it by meeting an increased cost-effectiveness requirement

02.12

If renewable energy is an additional requirement to NZEB, please indicate level

02.13

Specific comfort criteria for new buildings, provide specific parameters for instance for airtightness, minimum ventilation rates

Requirements are similar as in standard EN 15251.

03.01

Is the level of nearly zero energy (NZEB) for existing buildings set in national legislation?

No

03.02

Is the level of nearly zero energy (NZEB) for existing buildings similar to the level for new buildings?

No

03.03

Definition of nearly zero energy (NZEB) for existing residential buildings (if different from new buildings)

03.04

Definition of nearly zero energy (NZEB) for existing non-residential buildings (if different from new buildings)

03.05

Overall minimum requirements in case of major-renovation

From 2018, cost-optimal requirements must be fulfilled.

See 2.1 and 2.2.

Major renovation: if min. 25% of the building shell area is subject to energy retrofit.

03.06

Minimum requirements for individual building parts in case of renovation

From 2018, cost-optimal requirements must be fulfilled.

See 2.1.

03.07

National targets for renovation in connection to Long Term Renovation Strategy (number or percentage of buildings)

03.08

National targets for renovation in connection to Long Term Renovation Strategy (expected reductions and relevant years)

111 PJ reduction by 2030 for the whole building stock¹⁸

yearly 3% deep renovation of central govermental buildings¹⁵

04.01

Number of energy performance certificates per year (for instance average or values for of 3-5 years)

approximately 165,000

Based on year 2019. The number is continuously increasing since 2013 (start of electronic registration).

04.02

Number of EPCs since start of scheme

approximately 1,100,000

Number of EPCs issued before 2013 is unknown.

04.03

Number of EPCs for different building types

95% are residential buildings

04.04

Number of assessors

2,500

04.05

Basic education requirements for assessors

BSc engineer

Several types of BSc diplomas (e.g., architects, mechanical engineers, civil engineers, environmental engineers, electric engineers) are accepted, but not all.

04.06

Additional training demands for assessors

No specific training required but an exam is obligatory. The exam is operated by the Chamber of Engineers and the Chamber of Architects. However, there are several courses available on the market on a voluntary basis.

04.07

Quality assurance system

Quality assurance system is operated by the Chamber of Engineers since 2013.

2.5% of EPCs undergo an office check and 0.5% undergo an onsite survey.

If the quality control detects a miscalculation of a difference by more than two energy classes, the expert loses his licence for 3 years. Since 2017, further sanctions can be applied including fines and penalties.

The online submission system also serves as a first level of quality control (e.g., checks for unrealistic figures).

The second level is a random office check, the third level is an on-site survey carried out by independent experts. Control results are registered in an electronic database. As of the beginning of 2017, targeted control is also possible.

04.08

National database for EPCs

The national database is operated by Lechner Knowledge Centre. Only the main data of EPCs are stored, but calculation details not²⁰.

https://entan.e-epites.hu/

04.09

Link to national information on EPCs / Database

https://entan.e-epites.hu/ 

05.01

Is there a national definition of smart buildings?

No

05.02

Are there current support systems for smart buildings?

No

05.03

Are there currently specific requirements for technical building systems (for instance in building codes)?

No

05.04

Are there current requirements for automatics (for instance in building codes)?

No

05.05

Chosen option A or B for heating systems (inspection or other measures)

B

05.06

Number of heating inspections; reports per year (if option A)

0

05.07

Chosen option A or B for cooling systems (inspection or other measures)

B

05.08

Number of air-conditioning / cooling system inspections; reports per year (if option A)

in residential sector estimated less than 5,000

05.09

Is there a national database for heating inspections?

No

05.10

Is there a national database for cooling / air-conditioning inspections?

Yes

05.11

Are inspection databases combined with EPC databases for registration of EPCs and inspection reports?

No

05.12

Link to national information on Inspection / Database